Chapter 16 - Hydrostatics and Hydraulics (322-333) Flashcards
Hydrostatics
fluid statics- the science of fluid at rest
subset of fluid mechanics
conditions under which fluids are at stable equilibrium
hydraulics
science of fluid in motion
mechanical properties of liquids
used for generation, control and transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquids
Weight of water per gallon
8.34 lbs
weight of one cubic foot of water
62.4 lbs
one foot of water height
0.434 lbs per square inch
hydrostatic pressure
pressure exerted by water
force per unit area
square inch (psi)
Newtons per square meter
psi to N/m2 conversion
0.000145 psi = N/m2
To calculate pressure
P= force / area
For hydraulics F= weight 62.4 lbs/ft3
Toricelli’s Law
velocity of a liquid flowing under the force of gravity out of an opening in a tank is proportional to the squre root of the vertical distance between the liquid surface and the center of the opeing and to the squre root of tiwce the accelarion caued by gravity
v= square root of 2gh
Head
distance below the water surface
Berniulli’s principle
total energy in a given point in a fluid is the energy associated with movement of the fluid, plus energy from pressure in the fluid, plus energy from the height of the fluid relative to an arbitrary datum
Head pressure
hp = p/w
where p - gauge pressure and w = weight of water
Velocity head
velocity of a fluid expressed in terms of the head or static pressure requied to produce that velocity
hv = v^2/2g
Laminar flow
streamline flow
parallel layers with no disruption
Turbulent flow
occurs at highter velocities where eddies or small packets of fluid particles lead to lateral mixing
