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Associate Safety Professional > Chapter 10 - Fire Protection and Prevention > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Fire Protection and Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

Combustion

A

chemical reaction between fuel and oxidizing agent that produces energy in the form of heat and light. When fuel burns, carbon reacts with oxygen and can form either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.

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2
Q

Heat of combustion

A

amount of heat in calories evolved by the combustion of 1 g weight of a substance

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3
Q

Flammable liquid

A

Any liquid with a flash point below 140 F and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psia at 100F

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4
Q

Combustible liquid

A

Any liquid having a flash point at or above 140 F and below 200 F

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5
Q

Flash point

A

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid. The flash point is normally an indication of susceptibility to ignition

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6
Q

Lower flammability limit

A

Lower end of the concentration range of a flammable solvent at a given temperature and pressure for which air/vapor mixtures can ignite. The lower flammability limit (LFL) is usually expressed in volume percent

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7
Q

Upper flammability limit

A

Maximum concentration of a combustible substance capable of propagating a flame through a homogenous combustible mixture. The upper flammability limit (UFL) is usually expressed in volume percent.

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8
Q

Three primary methods of heat transfer

A

Radiation
Convection
Conduction

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9
Q

Radiation heat

A

The amount of thermal radiation between two or more objects (bodies). Radiation travels in wavelengths and does require that the two objects be in contact, as radiation can travel through a vacuum or space.

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10
Q

Heat Transfer by Convection

A

Process whereby thermal energy is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as liquid or air

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11
Q

Heat transfer by Conduction

A

Transfer of thermal energy between two objects in contact with each other

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12
Q

Four components necessary to sustain combustion

The Fire Tetrahedron

A

Fuel, Oxygen, Heat, and a chain reaction

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13
Q

Class A Fires

A

Common combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, trash, and plastics. Common in typical commercial and home settings, but can occur anywhere these types of materials are found

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14
Q

Class B Fires

A

Involve flammable liquids, gases, solvents, oil, gasoline, paint, lacquers, tars, and other synthetic or oil based products. Class B fires often spread rapidly and unless properly secured, can reflash after the flames are extinguished

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15
Q

Class C Fires

A

Involve energized electrical equipment, such as wiring, controls, motors, data processing panels, or appliances. They can be caused by a spark, power surge, or short circuit, and typically occur in locations that are difficult to reach and see

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16
Q

Class D Fires

A

Involve combustible materials such as magnesium and sodium. Combustible metal fires are unique industrial hazards that require special dry powder agents to extinguish

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17
Q

Class K Fires

A

Involve combustible cooking media such as oils and grease commonly found in commercial kitchens. Require a special wet chemical extinguishing agent that is specially suited for extinguishing and suppressing these extremely hot fires that have the ability to reflash

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18
Q

Fire extinguishers

A

Important to consider the classification of fire when selecting
The labeling system indicates which kind of fire it can be used for
Also have number ratings to indicate how large of a fire it can contain

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19
Q

Portable fire extinguishers shall be serviced

A

annually, and hydrostatically tested at 5 or 12 years depending on their shell

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20
Q

Portable Fire Extinguishers Hydrostatic Testing

A

Required
when unit has been repaired by soldering, welding, brazing, or use of patching compounds
When cylinder or shell threads are damaged
When there is corrosion that caused pitting, including corrosion under removable name plate assemblies
When the extinguisher has been burned in a fire
When a calcium chloride extinguished agent has been used in a stainless steel shell

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21
Q

Fire extinguisher inspections and service requirements

A

The employer is responsible for ensuring that inspection, maintenance, and testing of all portable fire extinguishers is conducted. Visual inspection monthly and annual servicing and testing.

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22
Q

Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems

A

Normally installed in areas where there is a potential for freezing such as garages, unheated building or outside canopies. Water is not present in pipe until system is triggered. Only used if ambient temperature range reaches below 40F

23
Q

Wet Pipe Sprinkler systems

A

Water present at all times. Most frequently installed system

24
Q

Deluge sprinkler systems

A

Installed in areas where there are special hazards where the rapid spread of fire is a major concern. No water stored in the distribution system, no heat sensors on sprinkler heads. Water released by activation of a deluge valve which is activated by fire alarm. Must be manually reset.

25
Q

Preaction Sprinkler Systems

A

Hybrid of wet, dry, and deluge systems. Normally placed in areas where accidental discharge is undesirable such as museums, data centers, etc…

26
Q

Water spray sprinkler systems

A

Operate like deluge systems, but have a specific spray pattern configured to unique hazard or equipment.

27
Q

Foam water Sprinkler Systems

A

Discharge a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrate - usually located in areas that have high-challenge fires such as flammable liquids and airport hangers

28
Q

Fire detector types

A

Heat detectors, rate compensation detectors, rate of rise detectors, pneumatic detectors, smoke detectors and flame detectors

29
Q

Heat detectors

A

Installed in fixed locations and respond to changes in ambient temperature above a predetermined temperature

30
Q

Rate of rise heat detectors

A

React to sudden change or rise in ambient temperature from a normal baseline condition

31
Q

Rate Compensation Detectors

A

Designed to compensate for normal changes in ambient temperature that are expected under non-fire conditions

32
Q

Ionization Smoke detectors

A

Operate by using a small amount of radioactive material to ionize the air within a sensing chamber permitting air to conduct electricity between two electrodes within the chamber. As smoke enters chamber, smoke particles become ionized and reduce conductivity of the air between the electrodes triggering detector.

33
Q

Photoelectric Smoke detector

A

Light obscuraion, light scattering or

34
Q

Flammable liquids Class 1A

A

Flash point below 73F, boiling point below 100F

35
Q

Flammable liquid Class1B

A

Flash point below 73F, boiling point at or above 100F

36
Q

Flammable liquid Class 1C

A

Flash point at or above 73F, but below 100F

37
Q

Combustible Liquid Class II

A

Liquids having flash points at or above 100F and below 140F

38
Q

Combustible liquids Class IIIA

A

Liquids having flash points at or above 140F and below 200 F

39
Q

Combustible Liquid Class IIIB

A

Liquids having flash points at or above 200F

40
Q

Vapor pressure

A

pressure exerted by the molecules that escape from the liquid to form a separate vapor phase above the liquid surface- pressure exerted by the vapor phase is the vapor or saturation pressure

41
Q

Fire point

A

temperature at which a substance will give off a vapor that will burn continuously after ignitions
Generally fire point is higher than Flash Point

42
Q

Flammability Limits (also explosive limits)

A

Proportion of combustible gases in a mixture. Concentrations between the lower an upper limits of the mixture are flammable or explosive.

43
Q

LFL - or LEL - Lower explosive limit

A

leanest mixture that is still flammable or explosive

concentrations given in percentage of air

44
Q

UFL or UEL

A

richest mixture that is still flammable or combustible

concentrations given in percentage of air

45
Q

Auto-ignition Temperature

A

kindling point
The lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition from a spark or flame

46
Q

Temperature at which chemical will ignite decreases as the oxygen concentration increases

A

pressure increases

47
Q

Temperature at which chemical will ignite decreases as the

A

oxygen concentration increases

48
Q

Specific Gravity

A

describes the density of a liquid compared to the density of water
specific gravity less than one= lighter than water
specific gravity greater than one = heavier than water

49
Q

Vapor density

A

a measure of the density of a substance compared to air
gases
vapors with densities greater than or equal to one are heavier than air
vapors with densities less than one - lighter than air
matters when determining location of ventilation system

50
Q

Evaporation rate

A

Rate at which a liquid is converted to vapor at a given temperature and pressure
Butylacetate (with evaporation rate of 1) is standard by which substances are compared

51
Q

Water solubility

A

aqueous solubility - the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in water at equilibrium at a given temperature and pressure
expressed as moles of solute per liter

52
Q

Boiling point

A

temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid
temperature point at which the liquid is converted into vapor

53
Q

Storage Rooms for flammable / combustible liquids

A

Must be equipped with either a gravity or mechanical exhaust ventilation system- designed to provide a complete change of air within the room at least six times per hour
Also must have one clear aisle at least 3 ft wide
Containers over 30 gallons must not be stored on top of each other

Associate Safety Professional (21 decks)

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