Chapter 16-Exam 3 Flashcards
able to be productively infected
susceptibility
unable to allow a productive infection
resistance
an active process that prevents establishment or progression of an infection
immunity
defenses against any pathogen, present at birth
innate immunity
First line of defense in the immune system
physical and chemical factors & normal microbiota:
- intact skin
- mucous membrane and their secretions
- lacrimal apparatus
- ciliary escalator
- epiglottis
- saliva
- urine
- vaginal secretions
- peristalsis, defecation, vomiting
- normal microbiota
Second line of defense in the immune system
non-specific physiologic processes:
- phagocytes such as neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages
- inflammation
- fever
- antimicrobial substances
Third line of defense in the immune system
adaptive immunity:
- specialized B and T cells (lymphocytes)
- antibodies
specific resistance to a specific pathogen, develops overtime
adaptive immunity
physical factors of innate immunity that: block
skin, mucous membrane, epiglottis
physical factors of innate immunity that: trap
mucus, hairs
physical factors of innate immunity that: wash
tears, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions
physical factors of innate immunity that: move
cilia, peristalsis, defecation, vomiting
cutaneous membrane
skin: covers the body surface and provides a physical barrier to the entrance of microbes
mucous membranes
line the body cavities and are open to the exterior of the body
Epidermis
consists of tightly packed cells with a thick layer of keratin- containing dead cells
_________ inhibits microbes (Epidermis)
dryness
_________ blocks microbes (Epidermis)
water-tightness
_________ removes microbes (Epidermis)
shedding
inner layer of skin that is made of connective tissue
dermis
______ ________ are in the dermis
blood vessels
Why can microbes get into the blood stream if they are found in the dermis?
Endothelial cells of vessels are not densely packed, and can allow microbes to pass by them
What is the purpose of the keratinized layer in the epithelium?
to provide an air-tight barrier
How do mucous membranes differ from cutaneous membranes?
They do not have a water- tight keratinized layer above the living cells and instead of having squamous epithelium, they have goblet cells that produce mucous that protects the epidermis.
What systems do the mucus membranes line?
mucus membranes are an epithelial layer lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, visual, and auditory
systems.