Chapter 16 Emergency Procedures

Question 1

If an incident occurs, who should the personal trainer inform?

Answer 1

According to HIPAA, the personal trainer should only share the incident report with the medical director and or the manager of the gym facility.

Question 2

What is the primary assessment you should do during an emergency?

Answer 2

Remember ABC

check AIRWAY
check BREATHING
check CIRCULATION

Question 3

What is the secondary assessment you should do during an emergency?

Answer 3

Once a person is conscious and speaking or unconscious but stable ABC, do a head to toe assessment to look for injuries. This is also a good time to check for medical alert jewelry.

Take vital signs like pulse and blood pressure, check skin color and temp.

If victim is conscious ask about any allergies, medications, symptoms, type and location of any pain, and pertinent medical history. Monitor victim closely until help arrives.

Question 4

Are there laws protecting people who perform CPR or use an AED in the case of emergency? Even if that person does not perform it well?

Answer 4

Yes. Many states have laws that protect these individuals under a good Samaritan law. However some states do not and in that case their federal government passed protection for Good Samaritans who utilize these processes in a medical emergency.

Question 5

What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 5

Chest angina, arm pain (typically in the left arm as the heart is in the left part of the chest), jaw pain, neck pain, shoulder pain. Client could experience shortness of breath nausea, lightheadedness.

Question 6

Name a few common medical emergencies that you might experience as a personal trainer.

Answer 6

Dyspne (labored breathing)

Syncope (fainting)

Stroke

Heart Attack

Asthma Attack

Diabetes Reaction

Question 7

What are the warning signs of a stroke?

Answer 7

Walk: is balance off?
Talk: slurred speech?
Reach: numbness?
See: vision partially lost?
Feel: headache?

Question 8

What is heat exhaustion?

Answer 8

Week, rapid pulse
Low blood pressure
Fatigue
Headache
Dizziness
General weakness
Paleness
Cold, clammy skin
Profuse sweating
Elevated body core temperature

Question 9

What is a heat stroke?

Answer 9

Hot, dry skin
Bright red skin color
Rapid, strong pulse
Change in mental status 
Labored breathing
Elevated body core temperature

Question 10

Treatment for heat exhaustion vs. heat stroke

Answer 10

Heat Exhaustion: stop exercising, move to a cool area, lay down and elevate feet, give fluids, monitor temperature

Heat Stroke:stop exercising, remove as much clothing as possible, try to cool body immediately in any way possible, give fluids, go to ER

Question 11

What is the wet bulb globe temperature? (WBGT)

Answer 11

WGBT combines temperature, humidity, and radiant heat. This will help the client to know when to avoid exercise in extremely hot and humid conditions.

Question 12

What are the fluid intake recommendations during exercise?

Answer 12

• 2 hours prior to exercise, drink 500-600mL or (17-20 oz)
• Every 10 mins drink 7-10 oz
• After exercise, drink 16-24 oz for every lb lost

Question 13

What connects muscle to bone?

Answer 13

Tendon

Question 14

What connects bone to bone?

Answer 14

Ligaments

Question 15

What is the general primary treatment for soft tissue injuries?

Answer 15

R.I.C.E.

Question 16

What are a few signs that someone may have fractured a bone?

Answer 16

Audible snap
Inability to bare weight on the limb
Swelling
Deformity
Discoloration
Pain or tenderness to touch

Question 17

What are some warning signs that a concussion has occurred?

No concussion is ever minor! Even if the victim did not lose consciousness!

Answer 17

Confusion
Memory loss
Nausea or vomiting
Blurry vision or sensitivity to light
Unequal pupil size
Headache
Drowsiness
Impaired speech
Amnesia

Question 18

• Do not move victim’s head
• check ABC
• If unconscious, open airway with jaw thrust method instead of head tilt chin lift to avoid movement of head
• If the person can talk trainer should tell him or her to look straight ahead when talking instead of following the trainer with his or her eyes to avoid movement of head

Answer 18

Protocol to avoid further injury after a suspected neck injury

Question 19

What can contribute to an exaggerated posterior curve of the thoracic spine?

Answer 19

Tight pectoral muscles

This is often called swimmer’s back

Question 20

Why might a gymnast have an exaggerated anterior lumbar curve?

Answer 20

Gymnastics movements often require hyperextension of the back. Weak abdominal muscles and poor posture can also contribute, as well as a forward pelvic tilt

Question 21

• tight hip flexors

- increased lordotic curve of the lumbar spine

Answer 21

Anterior pelvic tilt

Question 22

• tight hamstrings

- flattening of the lower back

Answer 22

Posterior pelvic tilt

Question 22

• tight hamstrings

- flattening of the lower back

Answer 22

Posterior pelvic tilt