Chapter 15 Common Musculoskeletal Injuries and Exercise Implications Flashcards
What is a muscle strain?
This is where the muscle works beyond its capacity resulting in microscopic tears of muscle fibers. There are three grades (Grade 1, 2, 3) and each one increases in intensity of the strain
True or false ligament sprains almost always occur with trauma such as a fall, or during contact sports.
True!
They’re most common in ankle, knee, thumb/finger and shoulder. One of the most medically significant would be a tear of the ACL or MCL.
Inflammation of a tendon commonly diagnosed in the shoulders, elbows, knees, and ankles
Tendinitis
Inflammation of the bursa sac due to acute trauma, repetitive stress, muscle and balance, or muscle tightness. Commonly affects the shoulders hips and knees
Bursitis
Inflammation of the connective tissue called fascia. Most commonly occurs in the bottom in the back of the foot
Fasciitis
Describe the three phases the body goes through to heal itself following musculoskeletal injury.
Phase 1: inflammatory phase, can last up to 6 days. Focus is to immobilize injured area. Increased blood flow occurs to bring oxygen and nutrients to rebuild damaged tissue.
Phase 2: fibroblastic/proliferation phase, can last approximately until day 21. Wound fills with collagen that eventually forms a scar. Within 2 to 3 weeks the wound can resist normal stress but wound strength continues to build for several months.
Phase 3: maturation / remodeling phase, can last for up to 2 years. Remodeling of the scar, rebuilding of bone, or restrengthening of tissue.
R.I.C.E.
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation -used as early intervention after an acute injury
What are some typical management strategies for musculoskeletal injuries?
- anti-inflammatory medication
- avoiding aggravating activities or movements
- ice, heat
- physical therapy
What needs to be avoided completely with shoulder injuries?
Overhead activities.
Keeping the arms straight during shoulder activities
What should be avoided for clients with elbow tendonitis?
High repetition activity at the elbow and rest. Exercises like curls should begin with low weight and low reps. Also, do not lock out the elbow when performing shoulder exercises like frontal raises
Where is the iliotibial band located and what is iliotibial band syndrome?
Your iliotibial band runs from the outside of your hip near your glute all the way down to the outside of your knee.
Iliotibial band syndrome is an overuse condition that occurs in individuals 15 to 50 years of age. It’s commonly caused by training errors in runners, cyclist, volleyball players, and weightlifters. Clients often report a burning sensation or stabbing pain along the lower outside of the knee.
Program for exercise should focus on regaining flexibility and strength at the hip and lateral thigh.
What can tightness in the gastrocnemius / soleus complex lead to?
That complex is located from the mid back of the calf down to the heel of your foot. Tightness in that area can lead to compensatory pronation during walking.
What are some of the possible causes of patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Clients could be TIGHT in the IT band complex (glutes), hamstrings, gastrocnemius/soleus complex.
Clients could be WEAK in the quadriceps and hip musculature (hip abductors and external rotator)
Myofascial release (foam rolling) can have a major impact on the dynamics of the patellofemoral joint. Also be sure to not perform open chain activities as they will put extra stress on the knee joint.
What is a possible recommendation for a client who has had an ankle sprain?
It’s important to remember dependent upon the severity of the strain clients could be down for up to 16 weeks if it is severe enough..
clients often lack stability with side to side and multidirectional motions. Progress individuals from straight plane motions like forward running, to side to side motions like side stepping.
What would be a good stretch for someone experiencing Achilles tendonitis?
A gradual loading to the Achilles tendon is key here. Begin with heel raises from the floor and then progress to heal raises with clients hanging their heels off of a step.
Also stretching the calf muscle is key
