Chapter 16 Adolescence: Psychosocial Development Flashcards
identity versus role confusion
Working through the complexities of finding one’s own identity is the primary task of adolescence
identity achievement
when people know who they are as unique individuals, combining past experiences and future plans.
Identity achievement is a cognitive process that refers to exploring an identity and developing an understanding of the meaning of that identity in one’s own life
four ways of coping with the identity crisis:
(1) role confusion
(2) foreclosure
(3) moratorium
(4) achievement
adolescents experience their identity crisis varies depending on___, the _____, and_____
adolescents experience their identity crisis varies depending on genes, the social context, and family
Role confusion
When adolescents have no clear identity but fluctuate from one persona to another. (Sometimes called identity diffusion or role diffusion.)
Foreclosure
when adolescents adopt their parents’ or society’s roles and values without questioning or analysis.
negative identity
rejecting all their elders’ values and routines, again without thoughtful questioning.
moratorium
a time-out that includes exploration, either in breadth (trying many things) or in depth (following one path but with only tentative commitment).
highlighted four aspects of identity:
religious, political, vocational, and sexual.
Vocational Identity
an individual’s self-defined occupational goals, interests, values and roles
gender identity
A person’s acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with a particular gender.
Intersectionality
Intersectionality, therefore, refers to the simultaneous experience of social categories such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation and the ways in which these categories interact to create systems of oppression, domination, and discrimination.
familism
the belief that family members should sacrifice personal freedom and success to care for one another.
For example, most refugee youth (Palestinian, Syrian, Iraqi) in Jordan agree that parents have the right to decide their children’s hairstyles, clothes, and music
Peer pressure
refers to someone being pushed by their friends to do something that they would not do alone.
coercive joining
When others strongly encourage someone to join in their activity, usually when the pressure is being included or excluded in a group and the activity is not approved by authorities (e.g., drug use, bullying.)
Sexual orientation
refers to the direction of a person’s erotic desires. One meaning of orient is “to turn toward”; thus, sexual orientation refers to whether a person is attracted to (turned on by) people of the other sex, the same sex, or both sexes.
cyberbullying
Rumors, lies, embarrassing truths, or threats can all be sent from the safe distance of the private computer or smartphone, reaching a large audience just when social acceptance is crucial and the imaginary audience makes it worse
sexting
as sending sexual photographs and videos is called
Heidi comes from an upper-middle-class family, and after high school, she went through a period of exploration. She spent some time traveling around Asia, worked at Disneyland for a few summers, and then waited tables in a ski town while learning to snowboard. Now she is attending college and has made a clear commitment to go into business. According to Marcia, Heidi’s current identity status is:
identity achievement
Abra is 17 and does not seem to know or care about her identity. She ignores school assignments, has not looked at colleges, and sleeps the weekends away. Erikson would say that Abra is in a state of:
role confusion
