Chapter 14 Adolescence: Biosocial development Flashcards
Puberty
rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that end childhood
begins with cascade of hormones that produce external growth and internal changes
Visible signs of puberty
around the ages of 9-15
what are the observable signs for girls
nipple growth
what is Menarche
a girl’s menstrual period
what is Spermarche?
A boy’s first ejaculation of sperm
Pituitary
a gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing many hormones
Adrenal glands
two glands, located above the kidneys, that respond to the pituitary, producing hormones
Growth Sprout
The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty
Body image
A person’s idea of how his or her body looks
Anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation
Bulima nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and subsequent purging
binge eating disorder
frequent episodes of uncontrollable overeating to the point stomach hurts
limbic system
The limbic system is the part of the brain involved in our behavioral and emotional responses, especially when it comes to behaviors we need for survival
what is the difference between limbic system and prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex operates slowly and is logical and precise, while the limbic system works fast and is dominated by emotion and impulse.
what matures first the prefrontal cortex or the limbic system ?
the limbic system
brain scans confirm that________________ is not fully developed until adulthood because the prefrontal cortex is limited in connections and engagement
emotional control
Myelination
Myelination is important in establishing connectivity in the growing brain by facilitating rapid and synchronized information transfer across the nervous system,
Increased__________& slower_________ make reactions lighting fast
myelination and inhibition
about __/__ of the variation in age of puberty is________
2/3
genetic
what occurs first for females: the female height spurt or menarche
the female height spurt
what occurs first for males: the male height spurt or spermarche
spermarche
children who have a relatively large proportion of __________ experience puberty sooner than do their thin contemporaries
body fat
how does harsh parenting affect their children’s puberty
harsh parenting increases cortisol levels, which affects puberty thus increasing sexual risk
early maturing girls tend to have…
lower self-esteem, more depression, and poor body image
early maturing boys tend to be more…
aggressive and might abuse alcohol
slow developing boys tend to be more_____
anxious
the effects of early puberty vary not only by sex, but also by________ and _________
ethnicity and culture
psychopathology
Psychopathology refers to the study of mental disorders in terms of their causes, development, course, classification, and treatment.
hormonal increase may precipitate_________
psychopathology
schizophrenia is twice more common in
men
severe depression is twice more common in
females
_________ of U.S high school girls are trying to lose weight
_________ think they are overweight and only _______ are overweight
2-3rds
1-3rd
1-6th
Origins of disordered eating comes from
cultural image, stress, puberty, hormones, childhood patterns
how can we reduce eating disorders
healthy eating in childhood
