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Child/Adolescent Psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Multifinality

A

The term multifinality refers to a condition in which the same cause leads to different outcomes.

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2
Q

Equifinality

A

Equifinality is the understanding that many different pathways, or risk factors, may result in the same outcome

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3
Q

What is the difference between Multifinality and Equifinality?

A

Equifinality is the understanding that many different pathways, or risk factors, may result in the same outcome.

Multifinality is the understanding that a specific risk factor may result in a multitude of developmental outcomes

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4
Q

What is developmental psychopathology?

A

the scientific study of the origins and progression of psychological disorders as related to the typical processes of human growth and maturation.

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5
Q

Principles of _______ and _______ should lead to caution in diagnosis and treatment

A

Multi-finality and Equifinality

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6
Q

What is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

Condition in which a person is not only has difficulty concentrating for more than a few moments but also is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive

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7
Q

When do symptoms for ADHD begin

A

Symptoms must begin before the age of 12

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8
Q

symptoms must be evident in how many environments?

A

It has to be presented in more than one environment

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9
Q

Prevalence in ADHD
ages 4 to 7 is __%
ages 10-13 is __%
ages 14 to 17 is __%

A

7%
13%
15%

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10
Q

ADHD is ______ with other conditions

A

Comorbid

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11
Q

Increases in worldwide diagnosis for ADHD are worrisome for at least three reasons:

A
  1. Misdiagnosis
  2. Drug abuse
  3. Normal behavior is considered pathological
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12
Q

What are treatments for ADHD

A
  1. training for family and child
  2. special education for teachers
  3. medication
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13
Q

As_______ suggests, disorders vary in causes, so no single treatment works for every child

A

equifinality

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14
Q

what are some opposing perspectives for drug treatment for ADHD and other disorders?

A
  • some children may be overmedicated and others may be under-treated
    -the public may be suspicious of drugs and psychologists
    -prescription drug treatment prevalence varies by countries
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15
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Prevalence refers to the total number of individuals in a population who have a disease or health condition at a specific period of time, usually expressed as a percentage of the population.

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16
Q

what is the most common ADHD drug

A

Ritalin

17
Q

Aptitude

A

potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge

18
Q

What are IQ tests?

A

tests that were designed to measure intellectual aptitude, or ability to learn in school

19
Q

Intelligence was defined as ______ divided by ______ age, times 100-hence, the term “intelligence quotient” or IQ

A

Mental age
Chronological

20
Q

What is an Achievement Test?

A

measure of mastery or proficiency in reading, mathematics, writing, or some other subjects

21
Q

What is the Flynn Effect?

A

The Flynn effect refers to a secular increase in population intelligence quotient (IQ) observed throughout the 20th century (1–4).

It is thought that if a person took an IQ test in the 19th Century, the average score would be significantly lower than it would be if that same person took an IQ test today.

22
Q

IQ test Chart
40-55 IQ test scores is considered_______
55-70 IQ test scores is considered_______
70-85 IQ test scores is considered_______
85-115 IQ test scores is considered______
115-130 IQ test scores are considered______
130-145 IQ test scores are considered______
145-160 IQ test scores are considered_______

A

40-55 IQ test scores is considered moderate to severe disability
55-70 IQ test scores is considered mid intellectual disability
70-85 IQ test scores is considered slow learners
85-115 IQ test scores is considered average
115-130 IQ test scores are considered superior
130-145 IQ test scores are considered gifted
145-160 IQ test scores are considered Genius

23
Q

Sternberg’s theory identifies three types of intelligence

A

practical, creative, and analytical.

24
Q

Mental age

A

a representation of a person’s intelligence based on the age of people who are capable of performing at the same level of ability

25
Q

Multiple intelligence

A

Gardner’s term for the distinct types of intelligence that characterize different forms of intelligent behavior

26
Q

Linguistic intelligence is_____

A

the ability to understand and use words

27
Q

Logical-mathematical intelligence is ______

A

the ability to perform mathematical, computational, or logical operations

28
Q

musical intelligence is ______

A

the ability to analyze, compose, or perform music

29
Q

spatial intelligence is______

A

the ability to perceive spatial relationships and arrange objects in space

30
Q

body-kinesthetic is ______

A

the ability to control bodily movements and manipulate objects effectively

31
Q

Interpersonal intelligence is_____

A

the ability to relate effectively to others and to understand others’ moods and motives

32
Q

Intrapersonal intelligence is _____

A

the ability to understand one’s own feelings and behavior (self-perception)

33
Q

naturalistic intelligence is_____

A

the ability to recognize objects and patterns in nature

34
Q

What is one way to indicate aptitude to measure the brain directly?

A

Brain scans

35
Q

Brain scans____________ with scores on IQ tests in childhood, but they do in adolescence

A

do not correlate

36
Q

Neurodiversity

A

the range of differences in individual brain function and behavioral traits, regarded as part of normal variation in the human population (used especially in the context of autistic spectrum disorders)

Child/Adolescent Psychology (11 decks)

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