Chapter 16 Flashcards
Erikson’s name for the psychosocial stage during adolescence. What characterizes this stage?
o Identity: consistent definition of one’s self as a unique individual, in terms of roles, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations
What are the types of identity development that can appear at this stage?
o Identity versus role confusion
§ Erikson’s term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out “Who am I?”
o Identity achievement
§ Erikson’s term for the attainment of identity, or the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans.
Role confusion: don’t care or know
Foreclosure : follow your parents
Moratorium : experiment
Identity achievement: know who you are, own identity
What are the four aspects of identity formation?
o Religious identity
§ Most adolescents accept broad outlines of parental and cultural religious identity. Specific religious beliefs may be questioned.
o Political identity
§ Most adolescents follow parental political traditions.
§ Apolitical identity may emerge with weakening parental party identity.
§ Most adolescent’s identity with their ethnicity.
o Sexual identity
§ Erikson’s gender intensification no longer fits adolescent development, now called gender identity that begins with the person’s biological sex and leads to a gender role
o Vocational identity
§ Vocational identity takes years to establish. Early vocational identity is no longer relevant
What does parent-child conflict entail? What impacts does it have?
o Parent–adolescent conflict typically peaks in early adolescence and is more a sign of attachment than of distance
o Bickering involves petty, peevish arguing, usually repeated and ongoing
What is parental monitoring?
o Parental monitoring: Parents’ ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom.
§ Positive: Part of a warm, supportive relationship
§ Negative: Cold, overly restrictive, controlling relationship
How effective is sex-education in the US compared to European nations? How do abstinence-only programs compare to other sexuality education programs?
Abstinence-only programs are not successful
How common is law-breaking among adolescents? What is a life course vs. adolescence-limited offender?
o Most adolescents self-report law-breaking at least once before age 20
o About one-fourth of young lawbreakers caught
What is deviancy training?
What is deviancy training?
o Peers can lead one another into trouble and collectively provide deviancy training.
o Deviancy training: destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms
When is drug use most common among teens?
o Drug use becomes widespread from age 10 to 25 and then decreases.
·What is peer pressure? How do teens choose their friends?
o Encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress and attitude: usually considered a negative force
