Chapter 11 Flashcards
What are the contributing factors to decline in neighborhood play?
Fear of stranger danger
o Vacant lots and empty fields have largely disappeared
o Ignoring many benefits of outside play
o Indoor activities (homework, TV, video games) crowd out outdoor play
How has the amount of recess changed over time?
Study of Texas found 24% have no recess at all and only 1% had recess several times a day
What factors have contributed to a rise in childhood obesity since the 1980’s.
Children’s exposer to television and internet ads for unhealthy food
o Not enough physical activity
What is asthma? What is the hygiene hypothesis?
Asthma: Is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes breathing difficult
o Hygiene hypothesis: the immune system needs to tangle with microbes when we are young. Children may be overprotected from viruses and bacteria
Difference between equifinality and multifinality.
o Equifinality: A basic principle of developmental psychopathology that hold that one symptom can have many causes.
§ For example, a nonverbal child may be autistic, hard of hearing, pathologically shy, or not fluent in dominant language
o Multifinality: a basic principle of developmental psychopathology that hold that one cause can have many (multiple) final manifestations
§ for example, an infant who has been flooded with stress hormones may become a hypervigilant or calm student, he may be quickly angered or may not be affected at all
What does IQ entail? What is the Flynn effect?
Originally, the IQ tests produced a score that was literally an intelligence quotient. Test designed to measure intellectual aptitude or ability to learn in school
o Flynn effect: the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations
· How
How many school-age children are medicated?
7.5% highest in the south
What are the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders?
Difficulty with social communication and interaction-including difficulty seeing things from another person’s point of view-and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
o Woefully inadequate social understanding
What are the symptoms of ADHD?
o Persistent pattern of inattention and or by hyperactive or impulsive behaviors, so much so his or her ability to function is affected
What are some specific learning disabilities called?
o The DSM-5 diagnosis of specific learning disorder, includes disabilities in both perception and processing of information, with lower achievement than expected in reading, math, or writing, including spelling § Dyscalculia § Dysgraphia § Dyslexia § ADHD
