Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Piaget’s name for the period during middle childhood.

A

Concrete operational thought: characterized by new concepts that enable children to use logic

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2
Q

What are the conservation tasks and how are they measured?

A

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3
Q

Know the terms: classification and ELL.

A
Classification: The logical principle that things can be organized into groups (or categories or classes) according to some characteristic they have in common
o   ELL (English Language Learners): Children in the U.S. whose proficiency in English is low-usually below a cutoff score on an oral or written test.
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4
Q

What are the steps in getting information into long-term memory? What other memory mechanisms are in place? Know the order of these and a general definition.

A

o Together with sensory memory and working memory, long-term memory organizes ideas and reactions, fostering more effective learning over the years
o Three major steps in memory process- sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory
o Sensory memory is the first component of the information-processing system. It stores in a split second to allow it to be processed
o Second component: working memory (short term memory)
o Long-term memory: virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely

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5
Q

What are some Information Processing strategies to aid in memorization?

A

Metaphors
songs
emotion

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6
Q

What is metacognition?

A

Involves the ability to evaluate a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish it, and to monitor and adjust one’s performance on that task
o Improves with age and experience

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7
Q

What are the pragmatic aspects of language?

A

Ability to use words and devices to communicate in various contexts
o Allow children to change formal and informal codes to fit audience

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8
Q

What impact does SES have on language acquisition?

A

Strong correlation between academic achievement and socioeconomic status
o Limited early exposure to words and teachers’ and parents’ expectations

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