Chapter 12 Flashcards
Piaget’s name for the period during middle childhood.
Concrete operational thought: characterized by new concepts that enable children to use logic
What are the conservation tasks and how are they measured?
j
Know the terms: classification and ELL.
Classification: The logical principle that things can be organized into groups (or categories or classes) according to some characteristic they have in common o ELL (English Language Learners): Children in the U.S. whose proficiency in English is low-usually below a cutoff score on an oral or written test.
What are the steps in getting information into long-term memory? What other memory mechanisms are in place? Know the order of these and a general definition.
o Together with sensory memory and working memory, long-term memory organizes ideas and reactions, fostering more effective learning over the years
o Three major steps in memory process- sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory
o Sensory memory is the first component of the information-processing system. It stores in a split second to allow it to be processed
o Second component: working memory (short term memory)
o Long-term memory: virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely
What are some Information Processing strategies to aid in memorization?
Metaphors
songs
emotion
What is metacognition?
Involves the ability to evaluate a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish it, and to monitor and adjust one’s performance on that task
o Improves with age and experience
What are the pragmatic aspects of language?
Ability to use words and devices to communicate in various contexts
o Allow children to change formal and informal codes to fit audience
What impact does SES have on language acquisition?
Strong correlation between academic achievement and socioeconomic status
o Limited early exposure to words and teachers’ and parents’ expectations