Chapter 16 Flashcards
Made up of brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Afferent/Efferent
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Nerves attached to the brain.
Cranial Nerves
Nerves attached to the spinal cord.
Spinal Nerves
Brings impulses to CNS receptors sensory structures.
Afferent division
Brings impulses from CNS to peripheral nerves.
Efferent division
2 components of the Efferent division of PNS.
- Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Controls skeletal muscle contractions. Voluntary
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Also called visceral motor system, controls cardiac and smooth muscle. 2 parts! Involuntary
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
2 parts of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Sympathetic division
- Parasympathetic division
Division of ANS that normally increases metabolic rate; fight or flight.
Sympathetic division
Division of ANS that normally decreases metabolic rate; slows body down; called the rest and relaxation.
Parasympathetic division
4 lobes of the brain?
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
Primary motor cortex; voluntary control of skeletal muscles.
Frontal Lobe
Primary sensory cortex; perceives touch pressure, pain, taste, and temperature.
Parietal Lobe
Auditory and olfactory cortex; perceives hearing and smell.
Temporal Lobe
Visual cortex; perceives visual stimuli
Occipital Lobe
2 visceral neurons separating the CNS and effector (Muscle/gland).
- Preganglionic fibers
- Postganglionic fibers
A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside of the CNS. Location of synapse between preganglionic and posganglionic fibers.
Ganglion/ganglia
“Kicks in” only during exertion, stress or emergency.
Sympathetic Division
Also called thoracolumbar division or fight or flight devision
Sympathetic Division
Ganglions located close to the vertebral columns
Sympathetic division
Are preganglionic fibers long or short?
Short
Are postganglionic fibers long or short?
Long Except adrenal medulla
What are the 3 types of sympathetic ganglia?
- Sympathetic chain ganglia
- Collateral ganglia
- Adrenal ganglia
Sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord.
Sympathetic chain ganglia
Sympathetic ganglia that lie within thoracic or abdominopelvic cavities.
Collateral ganglia
Sympathetic ganglion in the adrenal gland
Adrenal medullae
How many sympathetic chain ganglia are there?
2 sets 4 total
Ganglia that lie anterior to vertebral column?
Collateral ganglia
The sympathetic ganglion in the adrenal gland; innervates adrenal gland
Adrenal Medullae
When adrenal medullae are stimulated what is released into the blood?
- Epinephrine (E)
- Norepinephrine (NE)
What are the sympathetic responses?
- Increase mental alertness
- Increase metabolic activity
- Decreases digestive and urinary functions
- Activates/uses energy reserves
- Increases respiration
- Increases heart rate and blood pressure
- Increases sweat gland activity
All chemical reactions in your body
Metabolism
Also called craniosacral or rest and relaxation or rest/digest division.
Parasympathetic Division
Neurons which originate from “lateral horn” of “spinal cord”.
Preganglionic neurons
Preganglionic nurons exit the brain stem and sacral segments __________ of spinal cord.
S2-S4
Mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata contain nuclei associated with cranial nerves __ __ __ __
3
7
9
10
75% of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the ____________
Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division.
Long
Postganglionic fibers of te parasympathetic division.
Short
Parasympathetc Responses
- Decreases metabolic rate
- Decreases heart rate and BP
- Increases secretion by salivary and digestive glands
- Increases blood flow of digestive tract
- Increases urination and defecation
- Constricts respiratory passageway
- Causes sexual arousal in both genders
- Secretes hormones responsible for absorption and secretion
Neurons of the ANS
- Adrenergic Neurons
- Cholinergic Neurons
- Peptidergic Neurons
Found in sympathetic systems and release norepinephrine (NE) as neurotransmitter.
Adrenergic neurons
Found in both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems and releases acetylechone (ACH) as neurotransmitter
Cholinergic neurons
Only in parasympathetic system. Releases vasoactive inhibitory peptide (VIP) and substance P as neurotransmitter.
Peptidergic neurons
(Sympathetic Division) Ganglion neuron synapse the preganglionic neuron will release _____ which excites the ganglion.
ACH
Synapses where ACH is the neurotransmitter is called __________
Cholinergic
(Sympathetic Division) At postganglion target cell synapse ____ is released as their neurotransmitter
NE
When NE and E are released ____ ______ occurs causing the list of changes of the body (Increase heart rate)
Sympathetic activation
Neurons which release NE or E are called ____ ____
Adrenergic synapses.
Further broken down into alpha and beta receptors
Adrenergic receptors
Nicotinic receptors are found on (2)
Both parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglion cells.
