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A&P 2 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Made up of brain and spinal cord.

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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2
Q

Afferent/Efferent

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

Nerves attached to the brain.

A

Cranial Nerves

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4
Q

Nerves attached to the spinal cord.

A

Spinal Nerves

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5
Q

Brings impulses to CNS receptors sensory structures.

A

Afferent division

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6
Q

Brings impulses from CNS to peripheral nerves.

A

Efferent division

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7
Q

2 components of the Efferent division of PNS.

A
  • Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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8
Q

Controls skeletal muscle contractions. Voluntary

A

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

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9
Q

Also called visceral motor system, controls cardiac and smooth muscle. 2 parts! Involuntary

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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10
Q

2 parts of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A
  • Sympathetic division

- Parasympathetic division

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11
Q

Division of ANS that normally increases metabolic rate; fight or flight.

A

Sympathetic division

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12
Q

Division of ANS that normally decreases metabolic rate; slows body down; called the rest and relaxation.

A

Parasympathetic division

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13
Q

4 lobes of the brain?

A
  • Frontal Lobe
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Temporal Lobe
  • Occipital Lobe
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14
Q

Primary motor cortex; voluntary control of skeletal muscles.

A

Frontal Lobe

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15
Q

Primary sensory cortex; perceives touch pressure, pain, taste, and temperature.

A

Parietal Lobe

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16
Q

Auditory and olfactory cortex; perceives hearing and smell.

A

Temporal Lobe

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17
Q

Visual cortex; perceives visual stimuli

A

Occipital Lobe

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18
Q

2 visceral neurons separating the CNS and effector (Muscle/gland).

A
  • Preganglionic fibers

- Postganglionic fibers

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19
Q

A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside of the CNS. Location of synapse between preganglionic and posganglionic fibers.

A

Ganglion/ganglia

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20
Q

“Kicks in” only during exertion, stress or emergency.

A

Sympathetic Division

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21
Q

Also called thoracolumbar division or fight or flight devision

A

Sympathetic Division

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22
Q

Ganglions located close to the vertebral columns

A

Sympathetic division

23
Q

Are preganglionic fibers long or short?

A

Short

24
Q

Are postganglionic fibers long or short?

A

Long Except adrenal medulla

25
Q

What are the 3 types of sympathetic ganglia?

A
  • Sympathetic chain ganglia
  • Collateral ganglia
  • Adrenal ganglia
26
Q

Sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord.

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia

27
Q

Sympathetic ganglia that lie within thoracic or abdominopelvic cavities.

A

Collateral ganglia

28
Q

Sympathetic ganglion in the adrenal gland

A

Adrenal medullae

29
Q

How many sympathetic chain ganglia are there?

A

2 sets 4 total

30
Q

Ganglia that lie anterior to vertebral column?

A

Collateral ganglia

31
Q

The sympathetic ganglion in the adrenal gland; innervates adrenal gland

A

Adrenal Medullae

32
Q

When adrenal medullae are stimulated what is released into the blood?

A
  • Epinephrine (E)

- Norepinephrine (NE)

33
Q

What are the sympathetic responses?

A
  • Increase mental alertness
  • Increase metabolic activity
  • Decreases digestive and urinary functions
  • Activates/uses energy reserves
  • Increases respiration
  • Increases heart rate and blood pressure
  • Increases sweat gland activity
34
Q

All chemical reactions in your body

A

Metabolism

35
Q

Also called craniosacral or rest and relaxation or rest/digest division.

A

Parasympathetic Division

36
Q

Neurons which originate from “lateral horn” of “spinal cord”.

A

Preganglionic neurons

37
Q

Preganglionic nurons exit the brain stem and sacral segments __________ of spinal cord.

A

S2-S4

38
Q

Mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata contain nuclei associated with cranial nerves __ __ __ __

A

3
7
9
10

39
Q

75% of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the ____________

A

Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

40
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division.

A

Long

41
Q

Postganglionic fibers of te parasympathetic division.

A

Short

42
Q

Parasympathetc Responses

A
  • Decreases metabolic rate
  • Decreases heart rate and BP
  • Increases secretion by salivary and digestive glands
  • Increases blood flow of digestive tract
  • Increases urination and defecation
  • Constricts respiratory passageway
  • Causes sexual arousal in both genders
  • Secretes hormones responsible for absorption and secretion
43
Q

Neurons of the ANS

A
  • Adrenergic Neurons
  • Cholinergic Neurons
  • Peptidergic Neurons
44
Q

Found in sympathetic systems and release norepinephrine (NE) as neurotransmitter.

A

Adrenergic neurons

45
Q

Found in both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems and releases acetylechone (ACH) as neurotransmitter

A

Cholinergic neurons

46
Q

Only in parasympathetic system. Releases vasoactive inhibitory peptide (VIP) and substance P as neurotransmitter.

A

Peptidergic neurons

47
Q

(Sympathetic Division) Ganglion neuron synapse the preganglionic neuron will release _____ which excites the ganglion.

A

ACH

48
Q

Synapses where ACH is the neurotransmitter is called __________

A

Cholinergic

49
Q

(Sympathetic Division) At postganglion target cell synapse ____ is released as their neurotransmitter

A

NE

50
Q

When NE and E are released ____ ______ occurs causing the list of changes of the body (Increase heart rate)

A

Sympathetic activation

51
Q

Neurons which release NE or E are called ____ ____

A

Adrenergic synapses.

52
Q

Further broken down into alpha and beta receptors

A

Adrenergic receptors

53
Q

Nicotinic receptors are found on (2)

A

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglion cells.

A&P 2 (9 decks)

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