Chapter 16

Question 1

group of individuals that look similar and whose members are capable of producing fertile offspring

Answer 1

species

Question 2

the definition of species comes from what 2 different “concepts”

Answer 2

morphological

biological

Question 3

what is morphological species concept based on

Answer 3

internal and external similarities and differences

Question 4

what is the physical appearance of an organism

Answer 4

morphology

Question 5

what is biological species concept based on

Answer 5

an organism’s ability to reproduce and produce fertile offspring

Question 6

all members of the same species that live in a particular area at the same time

Answer 6

population

Question 7

the offspring of two morphologically dissimilar organisms

Answer 7

hybrid

Question 8

two things that look different

Answer 8

morphologically

Question 9

within a population, individuals vary in many observable traits and they can be represented on a __ __

Answer 9

bell curve

Question 10

within a population, individuals vary in many observable traits and they can be represented on a __ __

Answer 10

bell curve

Question 11

what causes variations within species

Answer 11

environmental factors and heredity

Question 12

what are the environmental factors that cause variation within species (2)

Answer 12

amount and quality of food

Question 13

3 impacts of heredity that cause variation within species

Answer 13

mutations, genetic recombination, crossing over

Question 14

a population is a collection of ___

Answer 14

genes

Question 15

collection of genes for all the traits of a population

Answer 15

gene pool

Question 16

percentage of a specific allele of a certain gene in a gene pool

Answer 16

allele frequency

Question 17

population in which allele frequency does not change

Answer 17

genetic equilibrium

Question 18

Weinburg was a German ___ and Hardy was a British ___

Answer 18

physician, mathematician

Question 19

Weinburg was a German ___ and Hardy was a British ___

Answer 19

physician, mathematician

Question 20

5 requirements for genetic equilibrium

Answer 20

no mutations occur 
individuals neither enter nor leave through migration
population is large
random mating
no natural selection

Question 21

what role can mutation play in the evolution of a species(3)

Answer 21

change of genes or chromosomes
produce new alleles for a trait
change frequency of alleles

Question 22

immigration

Answer 22

movement into a population

Question 23

emigration

Answer 23

movement out of a population

Question 24

gene flow

Answer 24

movement of genes into or out of a population through migration

Question 25

genetic drift

Answer 25

allele frequency in a population changes as result of a random event

Question 26

genetic drift

Answer 26

allele frequency in a population changes as result of a random event

Question 27

genetic drift is significant only in ___ or ___ sized populations

Answer 27

small or medium

Question 28

with genetic drift an allele may ___ completely in a small population

Answer 28

disappear

Question 29

with genetic drift an allele may ___ completely in a small population

Answer 29

disappear

Question 30

genetic drift is more stable in a __ population

Answer 30

larger

Question 31

Mating between individuals where the choice of partner is not influenced by the genotypes

Answer 31

random mating

Question 32

random mating is a requirement for genetic ___

Answer 32

equilibrium

Question 33

do many species follow random mating

Answer 33

no

Question 34

reasons for non-random mating (2)

Answer 34

geographic proximity | assortive mating

Question 35

what is assortive mating

Answer 35

selection is based on similar physical characteristics

Question 36

problem with non-random mating

Answer 36

mating may amplify certain recessive disorders

Question 37

survival of the fittest

Answer 37

natural selection

Question 38

survival of the fittest

Answer 38

natural selection

Question 39

in natural selection some members of a population are more likely to __ __

Answer 39

contribute genes

Question 40

natural selection in which individuals with the average form of a trait have the advantage

Answer 40

stabilizing selection

Question 41

natural selection in which individuals with one of the extreme forms of a trait that has an advantage

Answer 41

directional advantage

Question 42

type of natural selection in which individuals with either of extreme forms of a trait have advantage

Answer 42

disruptive selection

Question 43

mate selection based on the presence of a specific trait

Answer 43

sexual selection

Question 44

formation of a new species

Answer 44

speciation

Question 45

physical separation of members of a population

Answer 45

geographic isolation

Question 46

deep canyon or large body of water separating the populations are examples of

Answer 46

geographic isolation

Question 47

in ability of former interbreeding organism to produce offspring

Answer 47

reproductive isolation

Question 48

what is a zygote

Answer 48

fertilized egg

Question 49

obstacle that happens before fertilization

Answer 49

prezygotic isolation

Question 50

examples of prezygotic isolation - ___ behavior - different mating ___ - different mating ___

Answer 50

incompatible calls season

Question 51

obstacle that happens after fertilization

Answer 51

postzygotic isolation

Question 52

obstacle that happens after fertilization

Answer 52

postzygotic isolation

Question 53

examples of postzygotic isolation - offspring may not ___ completely - offspring may ___ early - offspring may not be ___

Answer 53

develop die fertile

Question 54

change of 2 or more species in close association with each other

Answer 54

coevolution

Question 55

predator/prey is an example of __

Answer 55

coevolution

Question 56

organisms that are not closely related become more similar

Answer 56

convergent evolution

Question 57

with convergent evolution the environment selects similar ___

Answer 57

phenotypes

Question 58

sharks and porposes are examples of __ __

Answer 58

convergent evolution

Question 59

2 or more related species become more and more dissimilar

Answer 59

divergent evolution

Question 60

related species came from a common ancestor

Answer 60

adaptive radiation

Question 61

darwin's finches are examples of

Answer 61

adaptive radiation

Question 62

2 major theories regarding the rate of speciation

Answer 62

gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

Question 63

___ does not have evidence supporting it

Answer 63

gradualism

Question 64

idea that divergence of species occurs smoothly and gradually over time

Answer 64

gradualism

Question 65

idea that divergence of species occurs smoothly and gradually over time

Answer 65

gradualism

Question 66

idea that things live in genetic equilibrium then changed in short spurts of time

Answer 66

punctuated equilibrium

Question 67

unicellular organism may evolve in __ or ___ but other evidence suggests within ___ of years

Answer 67

months days | thousands

Question 68

point at which no organisms of a particular species are available to reproduce

Answer 68

extinction