Chapter 16 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Clinical psychology
The area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders
Psychotherapy
A nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems
Biological therapies or biomedical therapies
Treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of bodily function
Empirically supported treatment
An approach to treating psychological disorders that advocates making treatment decisions based on the body of research that has shown which type of therapy works best
Evidence-based practice
Integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics, culture, and preferences
Therapeutic alliance
The relationship between the therapist and client; an important element of successful psychotherapy
Psychodynamic therapies
Treatments that stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual’s problems
Psychoanalysis
Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s unconscious thought
Dream analysis
A psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person’s dreams
Transference
A client’s relating to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the individual’s life
Humanistic therapies
Treatments, unique in their emphasis on clients’ self-healing capacities, that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally
Client-centered therapy
A form of humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems; also called Rogerian therapy or nondirective therapy
Reflective speech
A technique in which the therapist mirrors the client’s own feelings back to the client
Behavior therapies
Treatments, based on the behavioral and social cognitive theories of learning, that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior
Systematic desensitization
A method of behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations
Cognitive therapies
Treatments emphasizing that cognitions (thoughts) are the main source of psychological problems and that attempt to change the individual’s feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
A therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with the goal of developing self-efficacy
Integrative therapy
Use of a combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist’s judgement of which particular method will provide the greatest benefit for the client
Antianxiety drugs
Drugs that reduce anxiety by making the individual calmer and less excitable; commonly known as tranquilizers
Antidepressant drugs
Drugs that regulate mood
Lithium
The lightest of the solid elements in the periodic table of elements, widely used to treat bipolar disorder
Antipsychotic drugs
Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in people experiencing psychoses, especially schizophrenia
Electroconvulsive therapy
A treatment, sometimes used for depression, that sets of a seizure in the brain
Psychosurgery
A biological therapy, with irreversible effects, that involves removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve the individual’s adjustment