Chapter 16 Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

Clinical psychology

A

The area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders

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2
Q

Psychotherapy

A

A nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems

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3
Q

Biological therapies or biomedical therapies

A

Treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of bodily function

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4
Q

Empirically supported treatment

A

An approach to treating psychological disorders that advocates making treatment decisions based on the body of research that has shown which type of therapy works best

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5
Q

Evidence-based practice

A

Integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics, culture, and preferences

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6
Q

Therapeutic alliance

A

The relationship between the therapist and client; an important element of successful psychotherapy

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7
Q

Psychodynamic therapies

A

Treatments that stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual’s problems

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8
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s unconscious thought

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9
Q

Dream analysis

A

A psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person’s dreams

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10
Q

Transference

A

A client’s relating to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the individual’s life

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11
Q

Humanistic therapies

A

Treatments, unique in their emphasis on clients’ self-healing capacities, that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally

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12
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

A form of humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems; also called Rogerian therapy or nondirective therapy

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13
Q

Reflective speech

A

A technique in which the therapist mirrors the client’s own feelings back to the client

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14
Q

Behavior therapies

A

Treatments, based on the behavioral and social cognitive theories of learning, that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior

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15
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

A method of behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations

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16
Q

Cognitive therapies

A

Treatments emphasizing that cognitions (thoughts) are the main source of psychological problems and that attempt to change the individual’s feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions

17
Q

Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)

A

A therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with the goal of developing self-efficacy

18
Q

Integrative therapy

A

Use of a combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist’s judgement of which particular method will provide the greatest benefit for the client

19
Q

Antianxiety drugs

A

Drugs that reduce anxiety by making the individual calmer and less excitable; commonly known as tranquilizers

20
Q

Antidepressant drugs

A

Drugs that regulate mood

21
Q

Lithium

A

The lightest of the solid elements in the periodic table of elements, widely used to treat bipolar disorder

22
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A

Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in people experiencing psychoses, especially schizophrenia

23
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

A treatment, sometimes used for depression, that sets of a seizure in the brain

24
Q

Psychosurgery

A

A biological therapy, with irreversible effects, that involves removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve the individual’s adjustment

25
Group therapy
A sociocultural approach to the treatment of psychological disorders that brings together individuals who share a particular psychological disorder in sessions that are typically led by a mental health professional
26
Family therapy
Group therapy with family members
27
Couples therapy
Group therapy with married or unmarried couples whose major problems lie within their relationships
28
Multiculturalism
Valuing the presence of many different cultural identities in a diverse world
29
Cross-cultural competence
A therapist's assessment of one's own ability to manage cultural issues in therapy and the client's perception of those abilities
30
Cultural humility
Taking a humble and respectful attitude toward those from other cultures and acknowledging that one cannot know all there is to know about another person's cultural experience
31
Well-being therapy (WBT)
A short-term, problem-focused, directive therapy that encourages clients to accentuate the positive