Chapter 10 Flashcards
Motivation
The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do
Instinct
An innate biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species
Drive
An aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need
Need
A deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation
Homeostasis
The body’s tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or a steady state or balance
Yerkes-Dodson law
The psychological principle stating that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal
Overlearning
Learning to perform a task so well that it becomes automatic
Set point
The weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder in which the individual (typically female) consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern
Binge eating disorder (BED)
An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating more food in a short period of time than most people would eat and during which the person feels a lack of control over eating
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s theory that human needs must be satisfied in the following sequence: physiological needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization
Self-actualization
The motivation to develop one’s full potential as a human being—the highest and most elusive of Maslow’s proposed needs
Self-determination theory
Deci and Ryan’s theory asserting that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy), as well as curiosity, challenge, and fun
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation that involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments
Self-regulation
The process by which an organism effortfully controls behavior in order to pursue important objectives
Emotion
Feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal (such as a fast heartbeat), conscious experience (thinking about being in love with someone), and behavioral expression (a smile or grimace)
Polygraph
A machine, commonly called a lie detector, that monitors changes in the body, used to try to determine whether someone is lying
James-Lange theory
The theory that emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment
Cannon-Bard theory
The proposition that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously
Two-factor theory of emotion
Schachter and Singer’s theory that emotion is determined by two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling
Facial feedback hypothesis
The idea that facial expressions can influence emotions as well as reflect them
Display rules
Sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed
