Chapter 15 - Unit 2 Flashcards
More episodes of depression = more difficult to treat?
Yes!
What is Persistent Depressive Disorder? How long?
Also known as dysthymia, is a chronic depression. It’s depression that’s lasted over 2 years.
Major Depression Disorder - depression without ___ symptoms.
Manic.
Mixed anxiety-depression - what is it?
Having anxiety and depression…together!
What neurotransmitters are thought to be involved in depression?
NE/Serotonin
Anergia - def
reduction in/lack of energy.
Anhedonia - def
inability to find meaning or pleasure in existence.
What’s the Stress-Diathesis model of depression?
This is basically that there’s a psychological/environmental part to depression.
What did Aaron T. Beck do for depression?
He’s one of the early proponents of CBT for depression treatment.
What’s Beck’s Cognitive triad (for the development of depression)?
- A negative, self-deprecating view of self.
- A pessimistic view of the world.
- The belief that negative reinforcement (or no validation for the self) will continue.
Mood disorders can range from mild to severe. T/F?
True!
What are some of the common symptoms of depression?
Sadness, despair, emptiness, low self-esteem, irritability, emotional sensitivity, suicidal ideation, etc.
Patients with MDD experience substantial pain and suffering as well as psychological, social, and occupational disability. T/F?
True! :(
What are some of the areas to assess with depression?
Worthlessness, guilt, helplessness, hopelessness, anger and irritability, etc.
Vegetative signs of depression are not universal. T/F?
False - they are.
Changes in ___ patterns are a cardinal sign of depression.
Sleep Patterns.
What else happens with depression? Think of bodily functions..
Bowel habits change and so does the desire for sex!
Meds + Therapy - Superior to either on their own. T/F?
True!
Will a depressed person need to be hospitalized?
Possibly - it just depends on suicidal risk, etc.
CBT for depression treatment - how does it help?
It helps people to rethink how they..think!
Adults older than 65 taking the new generation of antidepressants (like SSRI’s) are at a higher risk for strokes, fractures, epilepsy and even death. T/F?
True! :(
What are some of the first line agents for treating depression?
TCA’s, SSRI’s and SNRI’s and atypical antidepressants.
What do TCA’s do?
They inhibit the reuptake of NE and Serotonin by the presynaptic neurons in the CNS.
TCA - dosages should be started low and slow. T/F?
True!
TCA’s - what are some side effects?
Anti-cholinergic effects, heart effects, etc.
What are some potential side effects of SSRI’s?
Serotonin Syndrome - so be careful with drugs that also enhance serotonin. If a patient is switching to say, an MAOI you need to wait about 5 weeks without an SSRI to take the MAOI.
ECT - What do we do ? Pre/post
Pre - consent, do a neuro check.
After - Vitals, O2, Confusion?
ECT - On awakening, might the patient be confused?
Yes, and they might also have a sluggish memory for a bit!
What are rTMS and DBS?
rTMS - Rapid Transcranial Stimulation - this applies electromagnetism to deliver shocks to the brain.
DBS - Deep brain stimulation - Parkinson’s Treatment, also could be helpful for depression.
Light therapy - what does it do/treat?
Uses full spectrum light. Great for SAD!
St John’s Wort - good or bad?
It’s comparable to low dose TCA’s, so it’s not too bad…but don’t give it to someone who has MDD or is pregnant.
What is SAME?
It’s an over the counter dietary supplement that might help people with MDD.
