Chapter 11 - Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hildegard Peplau - operational definition of the __ levels of anxiety.

A

4 Levels.

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2
Q

Anxiety and fear are indistinguishable except for the ___.

A

Cause.

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3
Q

Anxiety - defined as…

A

a feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty or dread resulting form a real or perceived threat whose actual source is unknown or unrecognized.

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4
Q

Anxiety - associated with …

A

muscle tension and vigilance in preparing for future danger with cautious or avoidant behaviors.

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5
Q

Fear - def and what do we react with?

A

a reaction to a specific danger and more often the body reacts with surges of autonomic arousal necessary for fight or flight.

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6
Q

Normal anxiety is not healthy - T/F?

A

FALSE - it is healthy. It gives us energy to do things, etc.

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7
Q

Acute anxiety - def

A

Precipitated by an imminent loss or change that threatens an individual’s sense of security.

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8
Q

Mild anxiety - occurs in…

A

the normal experience of everyday living. Reality is brought into sharp focus. One may have slight discomfort, restlessness, and bite their nails and fidget.

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9
Q

Moderate Anxiety - perceptual field…

A

narrows, and they lose some details. They can’t focus as well so they lose out some information and selectively focus on certain things. Physical symptoms include tension, pounding heart rate, etc.

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10
Q

Severe anxiety - may focus on..

A

one particular detail or many scattered details. They may be confused and dazed. They might have a headache, dizziness, insomnia, trembling and a pounding heart beat.

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11
Q

Panic Level of anxiety - most ____ level.

A

Extreme. An individual cannot process what is going on. They might even have hallucinations!

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12
Q

Interventions for Mild to Moderate Anxiety - what should the nurse use? Can they solve problems?

A

They can solve problems. Specific communication techniques, broad openings, explore and seek clarification. The nurse should be calm and such.

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13
Q

Severe to Panic levels of anxiety - can they solve problems? What should the nurse do?

A

They cannot solve problems. They might need to go to a quiet environment and reduce anxiety. Firm, short and simple statements are really key.

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14
Q

Defense mechanism - what do they do?

A

They protect people from painful awareness of feelings and memories that can provoke overwhelming anxiety.

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15
Q

Freud - what did he say about defense mechanisms? 5 Things

A
  1. Defenses are a major means of managing conflict and affect.
  2. Defenses are relatively unconscious.
  3. Defenses are discrete from one another.
  4. Although defenses are often the hallmarks of major psychiatric syndromes, they are reversible.
  5. Defenses are adaptive as well as pathological.
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16
Q

Altruism - what is it? What kind of DM is it?

A

Emotional conflicts and stressors are addressed by meeting the needs of others. It’s also a healthy DM

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17
Q

Sublimination - def? What kind of DM is it?

A

unconscious process of substituting constructive and socially acceptable activities for strong impulses that are not healthy. An example could be that if you have feelings for your brother in law, you could start knitting! This is also a healthy DM.

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18
Q

Humor - what is it? What kind of DM is it?

A

It’s being funny! Duh! lolol - This is also a healthy DM.

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19
Q

Suppression - what is it? What kind of DM is it?

A

The conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling. This is also a healthy DM.

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20
Q

Repression - what is it? What kind of DM is it?

A

Exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions or ideas. This is an intermediate defense.

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21
Q

Displacement - what is it? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is an intermediate defense. It’s when you transfer emotions associated with one person or situation to another. This is an intermediate defense.

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22
Q

Reaction formation (aka overcompensation) - def? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is an intermediate defense. It’s when you have negative/bad feelings about something but you do the opposite. For example, if you claim to hate animals but begin work in a shelter…this is an example of that.

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23
Q

Somatization - def? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is an intermediate defense. This is when you make your stress into a physical condition.

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24
Q

Undoing - def? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is an intermediate defense. This is when you compensate for an act, by doing something like giving a gift to undo an argument for washing hands all the time.

25
Q

Rationalization - def? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is when you justify illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations - like ‘If I had her brains, I’d get good grades, too!” This is an intermediate defense.

26
Q

Passive Aggression - def? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is an immature defense. It’s when your aggression is expressed through procrastination, failure, inefficiency, passivity and such.

27
Q

Acting-out behaviors - def? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is an immature defense. This is when you address emotional conflicts by actions rather than reflection or feelings. This is destructive!

28
Q

Dissociation - def? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is immature. It’s when there’s a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory or perception.

29
Q

Devaluation - def? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is immature. It’s when emotional conflicts or stressors are handled by attributing negative qualities to self or others.

30
Q

Idealization - what is it? What kind of DM is it?

A

This is immature. it’s when emotional conflicts or stressors are addressed by attributing exaggerated positive qualities to others.

31
Q

Splitting - def - What kind of DM is it?

A

This is immature - it’s when someone has both sides in them, like they say someone is good and wonder one minute but then flip to “they are horrible!” when the person does something wrong.

32
Q

Projection - def - What kind of DM is it?

A

Immature - this is when a person unconsciously rejects emotionally unacceptable personal features and attributes them to other people. Kind of like a scapegoat thing!

33
Q

Denial - def - What kind of DM is it?

A

This is immature - it’s escaping unpleasant realities by ignoring their existence.

34
Q

Anxiety isn’t painful. T/F?

A

False - it is painful.

35
Q

Anxiety disorders - most prevalent lifetime psychiatric disorder in the US. T/F?

A

True!

36
Q

Anxiety disorders - highly comorbid. T/F?

A

True!

37
Q

What system has a lot to do with anxiety?

A

The limbic system! (Emotional brain)

38
Q

What part of the limbic system is most associated with anxiety/ocd?

A

Cingulate

39
Q

Frontal Cortex - what is it big on?

A

Cognitive Interpretations.

40
Q

Hypothalamus - what is it big on?

A

Activation of the stress response.

41
Q

Hippocampus - what is it big on?

A

Associated with memory related to fear responses.

42
Q

Amygdala - what is it big on?

A

Fear - specifically phobia’s, etc.

43
Q

What are the three main neurotransmitters involved with anxiety?

A

Serotonin, NE and GABA.

44
Q

Panic attack - def

A

sudden onset of extreme apprehension or fear.

45
Q

Phobia - def

A

persistent, intense irrational fear of a specific object/activity, etc.

46
Q

Specific phobia - def

A

high levels of anxiety or fear in response to an object, like a spider.

47
Q

What are Social Anxiety Disorder’s?

A

SADS - these are social phobia’s with severe anxiety by social situations.

48
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

It’s an intense, excessive anxiety about or fear of being in places or situations where help might not be available and escape might be difficult or embarrassing.

49
Q

What is GAD?

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder - it’s a chronic psychiatric disorder associated with severe distress different from other anxiety disorders. It lasts a long time. However, there’s no specific stressor.

50
Q

What is a good medication treatment for GAD?

A

Buspar and SSRI’s

51
Q

OCD - what are obsessions?

A

Obsessions are defined as thoughts, impulses or images that persist and recur so that they cannot be dismissed from the mind.

52
Q

OCD - is it on a continuum?

A

YES!

53
Q

What is BDD?

A

Body dysmorphic disorder. This is when they pick at themselves and think everything is bad, even when it realyl isn’t.

54
Q

What is hoarding?

A

This is when you hang on to a ton of items and don’t want to get rid of them because you feel an attachment.

55
Q

When talking with OCD patients, we don’t need to give them clear structure. T/F?

A

FALSE - we do!

56
Q

Anxiety treatment - Benzo’s used for long term. T/F?

A

FALSE - they are used for the short term.

57
Q

What’s the first line treatment for Anxiety?

A

SSRI’s

58
Q

Kava Kava and Valerian Root - good or bad?

A

Kava Kava can cause you to think you’re crazy, and Valerian can help with lowering stress.