Chapter 10 - Unit 2

Question 1

Eustress - def

Answer 1

Beneficial stress - it motivates people to develop the skills they need to solve problems and meet personal goals.

Question 2

Distress - def

Answer 2

This is a negative experience that can drain our energy.

Question 3

The stress response - also referred to as the __ or __ response.

Answer 3

Flight or fight.

Question 4

When a threat appear imminent, the ___ receives information from almost all parts of the brain, including the limbic system (emotional brain) and the amygdala (the component of the limbic system that contributes to emotional processing).

Answer 4

Hypothalamus.

Question 5

As the initial rush of epinephrine subsides, the hypothalamus stimulates the ___ ___.

Answer 5

HPA Axis.

Question 6

If stress is prolonged, what is released?

Answer 6

Corticotropin-releasing hormone.

Question 7

What are some stress-reduction techniques?

Answer 7

Meditation, physical activity and social support.

Question 8

PTSD - occurs in people who have experienced….

Answer 8

a highly traumatic event.

Question 9

The common element in all PTSD experiences is the individual’s extraordinary helplessness or powerlessness in the fact of such stressors. T/F?

Answer 9

True!

Question 10

What are some short term effects of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Cortex? (Cortisol, etc.) - ?

Answer 10

Fluid loss, increased glucose levels, decreased inflammation, decreased brain NE

Question 11

What are some short-term effects of the Sympathetic-Arenal Medulla? (E, Ne, etc)

Answer 11

Increased HR, Incresed RR, increased Triglycerides, decreased kidney clearance, etc.

Question 12

What are some long-term chronic effects of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Cortex?

Answer 12

Immune system compromise, atherosclerosis, depression, HTN, obesity, etc.

Question 13

What are some long term effects of the Sympathetic-Arenal Medulla? (E, Ne, etc)

Answer 13

High resting HR, heart disease, reactive high BP ,high cholesterol, digestive problems, etc.

Question 14

People with PTSD face a lot of repercussions, like -

Answer 14

Marital problems, unemployment, heavy substance abuse and suicide.

Question 15

PTSD - size of the hippocampus is actually ____.

Answer 15

Reduced.

Question 16

PTSD symptoms often begin with a few ____ after the trauma, but a delay is possible.

Answer 16

Months.

Question 17

PTSD Survivors benefit from receiving treatments for PTSD within months after the event - if they don’t receive help until much later, natural recovery is highly unlikely. T/F?

Answer 17

True! :(

Question 18

It’s important for healthcare works to realize that exposure to stimuli reminiscent of those associated with the original trauma may cause an exacerbation of the trauma. T/F?

Answer 18

True!

Question 19

Flashbacks - def

Answer 19

These are dissociative reactions in which the individual feels or acts as if the traumatic event were recurring.

Question 20

Symptoms of PTSD include :

Answer 20

Flashbacks, dreams/nightmares that re-enact the event, emotional blunting, hyperarousal, negative alterations in mood and cognition, derealization( familiar surroundings seem unreal), and depersonalization (seeing self as in a dream)

Question 21

Acute Stress Disorder - def

Answer 21

Same kind of triggers as PTSD. However, this goes away within a month.

Question 22

Compassion fatigue - what is it?

Answer 22

When people (particularly healthcare workers) are burnt-out and traumatized by things they have seen. It’s also known as Secondary Traumatic Stress

Question 23

What are some symptoms of Secondary Traumatic Stress/Compassion Fatigue?

Answer 23

Increased negative arousal, intrusive thoughts/images of another’s critical experience, difficulty separating work from personal life, lowered frustration tolerance, anger, depression, ineffective/bad coping, hypervigilance, loss of hope, decreased self-esteem, etc.