Chapter 15 - Trauma

Question 1

battery driven, battery operated x-ray units have how many and what kind of batteries?

Answer 1

10 to 16 rechargeable, sealed, lead acid - type 12 volt batteries connected in series.

Question 2

what is the average speed of the portable x-ray machine?

Answer 2

2.5 to 3 mph with a maximum incline of 7 degree and have a full driving range of up to 10 miles on a level surface after a full charge.

Question 3

on a portable x-ray unit, what is the dead mans control?

Answer 3

the parking brakes are automatically engaged when the control levers are not in use.

Question 4

what is the charge time for a full charged portable x-ray unit?

Answer 4

8 hours

Question 5

what are the two types of mobile x-ray systems?

Answer 5

battery driven, battery operated & standard power source, capacitor discharge non-motor-driven units

Question 6

where should the intensifier be placed?

Answer 6

on the top. if it is on the bottom, there is an increase of OID which decreases image resolution and increases scatter radiation.

Question 7

the tube on top results in what to the radiologist and technologist?

Answer 7

a significant increase in exposure to the eyes, head, and neck.

Question 8

PACS means?

Answer 8

picture archiving and communications system

Question 9

cine loop is what?

Answer 9

images are recorded in rapid succession while contrast medium is injected and then displayed as a moving image.

Question 10

where are the control panel of the c-arm located?

Answer 10

on the TV monitor control cart, on the c-arm unit itself, or on an attached or detached remote control

Question 11

what is the pulse mode for?

Answer 11

used to create an x-ray beam that pulsates at timed increments to reduce exposure.

Question 12

what is the snapshot or digital spot mode?

Answer 12

it activates a digital spot, which results in a higher quality computer-enhanced image as compared with a held fluoro image.

Question 13

what is subtraction in fluoro?

Answer 13

a technique in which an initial image is recorded during continuous fluoroscopy. the initial image is then used as a filter removing all stationary structures.

Question 14

what is roadmapping?

Answer 14

a specific fluoroimage is held on the screen in combination with continuous fluro. it is similar to subtraction in that it removes stationary structures.

Question 15

the c-arm should be in what kind of position?

Answer 15

vertical posteroanterior projection

Question 16

what happens if you increase the angle of the c-arm 30 degree?

Answer 16

you increase the dose to the face and the neck regions of the operator standing next to the c-arm by a factor of four.

Question 17

a horizontal projection increases or decreases on the tube side of the patient?

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

vertical AP projection of the c-arm is not recommended. Why?

Answer 18

there is a significant increase in exposure to the operator. up to 100 times higher close to the eyes of the operator.

Question 19

what amount of distance should the portable operator be before taking an exposure?

Answer 19

a minimum of 6 feet

Question 20

what is another name for the image intensifier.

Answer 20

flat panel detector

Question 21

in a fluoroscopic procedure, the lead apron should be how thick?

Answer 21

0.5mm

Question 22

a 0.5mm lead apron reduces the exposure by a factor of?

Answer 22

50 or more.

Question 23

what is the primary difference in positioning for trauma patients?

Answer 23

adaptation

Question 24

what are the three principles of radiology that should be remembered when performing trauma.

Answer 24

1) two projections 90degree, 2) include entire structure, 3) maintain safety.

Question 25

what is the reason for the increase in CT scans?

Answer 25

increase speed

Question 26

name four alternative imaging modalities.

Answer 26

CT, sonography, nuclear meds, & angiography & interventional procedures.