Chapter 12- pathology

Question 1

choleliths

Answer 1

gallstones

Question 2

choledocholithiasis

Answer 2

stones in the biliary ducts

Question 3

cholelithiasis

Answer 3

stones in the gallbladder

Question 4

chole

Answer 4

prefix - relationship to bile

Question 5

cysto

Answer 5

prefix - denoting sac or bladder

Question 6

cholangiogram

Answer 6

radiographic exam of biliary ducts

Question 7

cholecystocholangiogram

Answer 7

study of both the gallbladder & the biliary ducts

Question 8

cholecystitis

Answer 8

inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 9

cholecystectomy

Answer 9

surgical removal of gallbladder

Question 10

neoplasms

Answer 10

new growth, benign or malignant

Question 11

biliary stenosis

Answer 11

narrowing of the biliary ducts

Question 12

congenital anomalies

Answer 12

condition the patient acquired at birth

Question 13

zencker’s diverticula

Answer 13

found at the pharyngoesophageal junction at the upper end of the esophagus

Question 14

diverticula

Answer 14

pouch or sac of variable size occurring normally or created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat

Question 15

traction diverticulum

Answer 15

involves all layers of the esophagus and results from adjacent scar tissue that pulls the esophagus toward the area of involvement. occurs more frequently in the middle third of the esophagus

Question 16

esophageal varices

Answer 16

abnormally dilated veins in the distal esophagus - often seen with acute liver disease. best demonstrated recumbent for more complete filling of the veins

Question 17

esophageal reflux

Answer 17

gastric contents return back through the gastric orifice and irritate the lining of the esophagus

Question 18

cleft palate

Answer 18

congenital anomaly where the roof of the mouth is open which allows food & fluid to pass into the nose

Question 19

esophageal atresia

Answer 19

congenital abnormality where the esophagus fails to fully develop - symptoms seen soon after birth. (choking, gagging, dyspnea, cyanosis) - surgery done to correct the defect

Question 20

pyloric stenosis

Answer 20

congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter.

Question 21

hiatal hernia

Answer 21

protrusion of any structure (especially some portion of the stomach) into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Question 22

gastric/peptic ulcer

Answer 22

erosion of the mucosal lining of the stomach - may be severe enough to cause a perforation of the wall resulting in severe bleeding. mild cases controlled by diet - chronic may require surgery

Question 23

gastritis

Answer 23

inflammation of the stomach mucosa

Question 24

situs inversus/transposition

Answer 24

complete reversal of the viscera of the thorax and/or abdomen

Question 25

bezoar

Answer 25

mass of undigested material that gets trapped in the stomach - usually made up of hair, vegetable fibers or wood products. material builds up and may form an obstruction in time

Question 26

polyp

Answer 26

small mass growing from the mucosal wall - may be either cancerous or benign

Question 27

achalasia

Answer 27

a neuromuscular disorder of the esophagus which results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. results in dilation of the esophagus

Question 28

schatzke;s ring

Answer 28

a type of hiatal hernia where the esophagogastric junction has herniated through the disphragmatic opening

Question 29

contrast media

Answer 29

a substance that attenuates the x-ray beam to a different degree than the surrounding tissue.

Question 30

contraindications

Answer 30

factors of a patient’s history or present status that indicate that a medical procedure should not be performed or that a medication should not be given

Question 31

solution

Answer 31

a dosage form in which one or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier. usually rapidly absorbed and may be administered orally or parenterally (injected with needle under the skin)

Question 32

suspension

Answer 32

a dosage form in which one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier. most are administered orally and should be shaken thoroughly just before being given. they should NEVER be administered intravenously

Question 33

fluoroscope

Answer 33

device used for examining deep structures by means of x-rays. it consists of a screen covered with crystals on which are projected the shadows of x-rays passing through the body situated between the screen and the source of irradiation

Question 34

fluoroscopy

Answer 34

examination by means of the fluoroscope

Question 35

spot film device

Answer 35

equipment that permits the radiologist to obtain static radiographs during a dynamic fluoroscopic examination

Question 36

gastrectomy

Answer 36

surgical removal of part or all of the stomach

Question 37

deglutition

Answer 37

act of swallowing

Question 38

mastication

Answer 38

chewing

Question 39

peristalsis

Answer 39

the contractive waves of the digestive system. aids in the transport of food

Question 40

porcelain GB

Answer 40

extensive calcificationin the wall of the GB which forms an oval density that corresponds to the size and shape of the GB. the term reflects the blue discoloration and brittle consistency of the GB wall. extensive calcification indicates possible cancer

Question 41

choleography

Answer 41

examination of the GB & ducts. it’s a general name for all types of choleangiography

Question 42

cholecystogogue

Answer 42

agent which promotes contraction of the GB - NOT a contrast agent

Question 43

cholecystopaque

Answer 43

any contrast media used for GB visualization