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Contrast Studies > Chapter 12 - Biliary/upper gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Biliary/upper gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three parts of the biliary system

A

liver, gallbladder, & biliary ducts

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2
Q

what quadrant is the liver located in?

A

right upper

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3
Q

what is the largest solid organ in the body?

A

the liver

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4
Q

how much does the liver weigh?

A

3-4 pounds

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5
Q

what does the liver produce?

A

bile

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6
Q

where is the bile stored?

A

gallbladder

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7
Q

how much bile is produced in a day?

A

about 1 quart

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8
Q

name the parts of the liver

A

two major lobes - left (small) & right (large) and two minor - quadrate (b/w falciform ligament & gallbladder) & caudate (posterior), inferior vena cava

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9
Q

the right & left hepatic ducts form what?

A

the common hepatic duct

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10
Q

the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct form what?

A

the common bile duct

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11
Q

the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct form what?

A

the hepatopancreatic duct

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12
Q

what is another name for the hepatopancreatic duct?

A

sphincter of Oddi

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13
Q

how long is the common bile duct?

A

7.5cm

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14
Q

the width of the common bile duct is comparable to what common item?

A

a drinking straw

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15
Q

where is the common bile duct located?

A

behind the superior portion of the duodenum and head of the pancreas

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16
Q

the common bile duct connects with the?

A

pancreatic duct

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17
Q

the common bile duct empties where?

A

the descending portion of the duodenum

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18
Q

name the parts of the gallbladder

A

fundus, body, neck

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19
Q

the cystic duct is how long?

A

3 to 4 cm

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20
Q

the folds in the cystic duct are called?

A

spiral valve

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21
Q

give the measurements of the gallbladder

A

7-10 cm long & 3 cm wide

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22
Q

how much bile does the gallbladder contain?

A

30-40 cc’s

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23
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

store bile

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24
Q

how is bile concentrated?

A

as a result of hydrolysis

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25
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

removal of water (h2o)

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26
Q

CCK

A

cholecystokinin - hormone

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27
Q

can you see the gallbladder on an x-ray?

A

no - need contrast. can see calcium stones

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28
Q

another name for the region of duodenum papilla

A

papilla of Vator

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29
Q

what is the best way to visualize the gallbladder?

A

ultrasound

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30
Q

oral cholecystogram (ocg) 4 reasons to have one

A

nausea, heartburn, vomiting, & right side pain.

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31
Q

what forms gallstones?

A

calcium

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32
Q

who is at greater risk of getting gallstones?

A

women

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33
Q

what is milk calcium bile?

A

sediment, mush

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34
Q

how is milk calcium bile best demonstrated?

A

right lateral decub, to see sediment

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35
Q

why is ultrasound better to visualize the gallbladder?

A

no contrast, no radiation, less prep time, & detection of small calculi

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36
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram

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37
Q

what is ERCP for?

A

a scope is inserted from mouth, esophagus, stomach, & duodenum. a dye is injected to check for stones, tumors, & narrowing of bile ducts.

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38
Q

T-tube Cholangiography

A

once the gallbladder is removed, a t-tube is inserted in the biliary tree to look for lodged stones.

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39
Q

what position should you be in to best see the gallbladder?

A

prone

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40
Q

what position should you be in to assist with drainage of the gallbladder into the duct system?

A

supine

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41
Q

what does the LAO position of the gallbladder demonstrate?

A

cystic duct, neck, body, & fundus

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42
Q

what are the parts of the alimentary canal of the digestive system?

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine & anus

43
Q

what are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

A

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, & gallbladder

44
Q

what are the three primary functions of the digestive system

A

intake or digestion of food, absorb digested food particles, & elimination of unused material

45
Q

parts of the mouth - oral cavity

A

upper & lower teeth, tongue, hard & soft palate, uvula, pharynx

46
Q

what is another name for chewing?

A

mastication

47
Q

name the three glands of the oral cavity

A

parotid (near the ear-largest), submandibular (also submaxillary (below mandible/maxilla), & sublingual (below the tongue)

48
Q

the act of swallowing is called?

A

deglutition

49
Q

how long is the pharynx?

A

12.5 cm

50
Q

name the three parts of the pharynx

A

the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, & the laryngopharynx

51
Q

what is the job of the epiglottis?

A

a membrane-covered cartilage that moves down to cover the opening of the larynx during swallowing

52
Q

what is the dimentions of the esophagus?

A

25cm (10 inch) long & 2 cm (1 inch) wide

53
Q

the esophagus is located where?

A

posterior to the level of the lower border of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx. (C5 to C6)

54
Q

where does the esophagus terminate?

A

it’s connection to the stomach, at the level of the eleventh thoracic vertebra (T11)

55
Q

where are the two indentations of the esophagus located?

A

one at the aortic arch & the second where the esophagus crosses the left primary bronchus

56
Q

the segment of the esophagus below the diaphragm is termed?

A

cardiac antrum

57
Q

what is the opening between the esophagus and the stomach called?

A

esophagogastric junction

58
Q

chewed solid material is called?

A

bolus

59
Q

what two organ is the stomach located between?

A

the esophagus & the small intestine

60
Q

what is the greek word for stomach?

A

gaster

61
Q

what is the two names for the opening between the esophagus and the stomach?

A

esophagogastric junction & cardiac orifice

62
Q

the cardiac orifice is the common name for the esophagogastric function why?

A

refers to the relationship of this orifice to the portion of the diaphragm near the heart, on which the heart rests.

63
Q

slightly superior to the esophagogastric junction is the?

A

cardiac notch

64
Q

the three parts of the stomach is?

A

fundus, body, & pylorus

65
Q

the pylorus is divided into three sections, what are they?

A

pyloric canal, antrum, & portion

66
Q

the pyloric orifice dumps the stomach contents into what organ

A

first part of the duodenum

67
Q

what border is the lesser curvature found?

A

medial border

68
Q

what border is the greater curvature found?

A

lateral border

69
Q

what is another name for the body of the stomach?

A

corpus

70
Q

what is rugae?

A

folds in the stomach which aid in digestion by increasing stomach size and streamline fluids to the pylorus.

71
Q

air is what color?

A

black

72
Q

barium is what color?

A

white

73
Q

AP Supine, barium fills what part of the stomach?

A

fundus & pylorus

74
Q

Prone (RAO) barium fills what part of the stomach?

A

the body

75
Q

Erect, barium fills what part of the stomach?

A

body & pylorus

76
Q

the duodenum is part of what system?

A

the upper GI

77
Q

the duodenum is the smallest of the small intestines, about how long is the duodenum?

A

8-10 inches long

78
Q

the C-loop hugs what?

A

the head of the pancrease

79
Q

the head of the pancreas nestled in the C-loop is called what?

A

the “romance of the abdomen”

80
Q

name the four parts of the duodenum.

A

first - superior, second - descending, third - horizontal, fourth - ascending

81
Q

what section of the duodenum receives the common bile & pancreatic ducts?

A

the second, is also the longest section

82
Q

the fourth section of the duodenum ends at what flexure?

A

duodenaljejunal flexure

83
Q

the duodenojejunal flexure is held in place by what?

A

the suspensory ligament of duodenum - also called the ligament of Treitz

84
Q

what is two other names of the superior portion of the first part of the duodenum?

A

duodenal bulb or cap

85
Q

the opening in the second section of the duodenum for the common bile & pancreatic ducts is called?

A

duodenal papilla

86
Q

digestion is what kind of process?

A

mechanical process with a chemical component

87
Q

what is the name of the mixture of food and liquid in the stomach?

A

chyme

88
Q

rhythmic segmentation does what?

A

mixes food & digestive juices of the small intestines thoroughly.

89
Q

what is chemical digestion?

A

all the chemical changes that food undergoes as it travels through the alimentary canal.

90
Q

the six classes of substances ingested are?

A

carbs (complex sugars), proteins, lipids (fats), vitamins, minerals, & water

91
Q

what three substances must by chemically digested?

A

carbs, proteins, & lipids

92
Q

what is the end product of carbs?

A

simple sugars

93
Q

what is the end product of protein?

A

amino acids

94
Q

what is the end product of lipids?

A

fatty acids & glycerol

95
Q

radioloucent contrast means what?

A

negative contrast - air, CO2, & gas crystals

96
Q

what kind of crystals are used to produce gas bubbles?

A

calcium & magnesium citrate

97
Q

radiopaque contrast means what?

A

positive contrast - barium sulfate

98
Q

what is the chemical name for barium sulfate?

A

BaSo4

99
Q

colloridal suspension means what?

A

never dissolves in water

100
Q

thick barium is made how?

A

three to four parts barium to one part water

101
Q

thin barium is made how?

A

one part barium to one part water

102
Q

where is the duodenal bulb in comparison to the ribs in a hypersthenic person?

A

T11 - T12

103
Q

where is the duodenal bulb in comparison to the ribs in a hypo/asthenic person?

A

L3-L4

104
Q

where is the duodenal bulb in comparison to the ribs in a sthenic person?

A

L1-L2

Contrast Studies (6 decks)

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