Chapter 12 - Biliary/upper gastrointestinal Flashcards
Name the three parts of the biliary system
liver, gallbladder, & biliary ducts
what quadrant is the liver located in?
right upper
what is the largest solid organ in the body?
the liver
how much does the liver weigh?
3-4 pounds
what does the liver produce?
bile
where is the bile stored?
gallbladder
how much bile is produced in a day?
about 1 quart
name the parts of the liver
two major lobes - left (small) & right (large) and two minor - quadrate (b/w falciform ligament & gallbladder) & caudate (posterior), inferior vena cava
the right & left hepatic ducts form what?
the common hepatic duct
the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct form what?
the common bile duct
the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct form what?
the hepatopancreatic duct
what is another name for the hepatopancreatic duct?
sphincter of Oddi
how long is the common bile duct?
7.5cm
the width of the common bile duct is comparable to what common item?
a drinking straw
where is the common bile duct located?
behind the superior portion of the duodenum and head of the pancreas
the common bile duct connects with the?
pancreatic duct
the common bile duct empties where?
the descending portion of the duodenum
name the parts of the gallbladder
fundus, body, neck
the cystic duct is how long?
3 to 4 cm
the folds in the cystic duct are called?
spiral valve
give the measurements of the gallbladder
7-10 cm long & 3 cm wide
how much bile does the gallbladder contain?
30-40 cc’s
what is the function of the gallbladder?
store bile
how is bile concentrated?
as a result of hydrolysis
what is hydrolysis?
removal of water (h2o)
CCK
cholecystokinin - hormone
can you see the gallbladder on an x-ray?
no - need contrast. can see calcium stones
another name for the region of duodenum papilla
papilla of Vator
what is the best way to visualize the gallbladder?
ultrasound
oral cholecystogram (ocg) 4 reasons to have one
nausea, heartburn, vomiting, & right side pain.
what forms gallstones?
calcium
who is at greater risk of getting gallstones?
women
what is milk calcium bile?
sediment, mush
how is milk calcium bile best demonstrated?
right lateral decub, to see sediment
why is ultrasound better to visualize the gallbladder?
no contrast, no radiation, less prep time, & detection of small calculi
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram
what is ERCP for?
a scope is inserted from mouth, esophagus, stomach, & duodenum. a dye is injected to check for stones, tumors, & narrowing of bile ducts.
T-tube Cholangiography
once the gallbladder is removed, a t-tube is inserted in the biliary tree to look for lodged stones.
what position should you be in to best see the gallbladder?
prone
what position should you be in to assist with drainage of the gallbladder into the duct system?
supine
what does the LAO position of the gallbladder demonstrate?
cystic duct, neck, body, & fundus