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PHYSICS 130 > CHAPTER 15: TEMPERATURE, HEAT, AND EXPANSION > Flashcards

CHAPTER 15: TEMPERATURE, HEAT, AND EXPANSION Flashcards

1
Q

If two systems are in thermal contact and have the same temperature, _.

A

the two systems are in thermal equilibrium, so no thermal energy will move between the systems

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2
Q

Does a cup of water at 50C have twice as much thermal energy as an identical cup of water at 25C?

A

No, the hot water has only slightly more thermal energy.

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3
Q

Heat always flows _.

A

from a warmer object to a neighboring cooler object

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4
Q

What is the boiling point of water on the Farhenheit temperature scale?

A

212*

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5
Q

What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius temperature scale?

A

0*

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6
Q

If 1 calorie of heat is added to 1 gram of water, the water will increase by _ Celsius degree(s).

A

1

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7
Q

The _ measures the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in matter.

A

thermometer

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8
Q

Can two objects have the same temperature and the same thermal energy?

A

Yes, if they are identical or if the smaller mass object has a larger heat capacity.

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9
Q

When the temperature of a substance is increased, its molecules or atoms jiggle faster, causing _.

A

thermal expansion

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10
Q

The average kinetic energy of the atoms in a substance is a quantity that indicates _.

A

temperature

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11
Q

A microwave oven works by raising the _ energy imparted to neighboring molecules that are bounced off oscillating water molecules.

A

translational kinetic energy

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12
Q

Water is most dense at _ degrees Celsius.

A

4

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13
Q

The energy transferred from one object to another because of a temperature difference between them is called _.

A

heat

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14
Q

Are temperature and heat the same thing?

A

No, temperature is the state of a system relating to how hot or cold it is, while heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two systems because they have different temperature.

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15
Q

Which is not a unit associated with the measurement of heat?

A

watts

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16
Q

Which of the following is the main reason why islands have less extreme ranges of temperatures than landlocked locations at the same relative latitude?

A

Water’s high specific heat capacity.

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17
Q

Different material require different quantities of heat to raise the temperature of a given mass of the material by a specified number of degrees. This is because all materials have a unique _.

A

specific heat capacity

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18
Q

The lower limit of temperature is known as _.

A

absolute zero

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19
Q

A bimetallic strip has two different metals bonded together so that when heated the strip bends. This occurs because _.

A

different substances expand at different rates

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20
Q

What is the boiling point of water on the Celsius temperature scale?

A

100*

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21
Q

Which material has the lowest specific heat capacity?

A

Silver

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22
Q

Objects never contain _.

A

heat

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23
Q

Which has more thermal energy: a cup of very hot tea or a bathtub full of warm water?

A

The bathtub of warm water.

24
Q

In order for two systems to be in thermal equilibrium with each other, they must _.

A

have the same temperature

25
Q

Which of the following are examples of a real-world application of thermal expansion?

A

The aluminum pistons of some automobile engines are just a bit smaller in diameter than the steel cylinders, Long steel bridges commonly have on end fixed while the other end rests on rockers, A dentist uses filling material that has the same rate of expansion as teeth.

26
Q

Water is most dense at _.

A

4°C

27
Q

Fahrenheit scale:

A

A hot summer day might be 100, Ice cream is stored in freezers at 26.

28
Q

Celsius scale:

A

Liquid water boils at 100, Water freezes into ice at 0, A typical room temperature is 24.

29
Q

Kelvin scale:

A

Water boils into gas phase at 373.15, The coldest possible temperature is 0.

30
Q

When we speak about heat we refer to _.

A

energy in transit

31
Q

Does a substance that heats up quickly have a high or a low specific heat capacity?

A

A low specific heat capacity.

32
Q

Aluminum has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. This means that for equal masses of aluminum and iron, the metal that heats more quickly when the same amount of heat is applied is _.

A

iron

33
Q

Which one of these cites the lowest temperature?

A

270 K

34
Q

The temperature of absolute zero is stated as _.

A

-273°C

35
Q

Does a hot object contain internal energy or does it contain heat?

A

Internal energy.

36
Q

Which warms up fastest when heat is applied: water, iron, or silver?

A

Silver warms up faster than iron. Iron warms up faster than water.

37
Q

Which of the following changes would make the water balloon more likely to pop? (Ignore effects of convection within the fluid.)

A

Use a thicker balloon, Use a liquid that has a lower heat capacity than water.

38
Q

Which forms of energy determine temperature: translational kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy, vibrational kinetic energy, or all of these?

A

Translational only.

39
Q

What is meant by “translational” kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy of motion that carries a molecule from one place to another.

40
Q

Which generally expands more for an equal increase in temperature: solids or liquids?

A

Liquids generally expand more than solids.

41
Q

Why is ice less dense than water?

A

Ice crystallizes with an open structure, and the gaps that form between the water molecules in ice increase its volume.

42
Q

Suppose that we replace the aluminum with a mystery metal and repeat the experiment in the video. As in the video, the mass of the metal is the same as that of the water. Room temperature is about 20 ∘C before the start of the experiment. The water heats up to 40 ∘C , and the mystery metal heats up to 80 ∘C . Compared to that of water, the heat capacity of our mystery metal is _.

A

one-third as great

43
Q

What are the temperatures for freezing water on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales? For boiling water?

A

Freezing: 0°C, 32°F; boiling: 100°C, 212°F.

44
Q

Tomatoes have a higher specific heat capacity than dough. This means that when you bite into a hot pizza _.

A

the tomato sauce feels hotter than the dough

45
Q

Which one of these represents the largest amount of energy?

A

1 Calorie

46
Q

What kind of strip is Dr. Hewitt holding in his hand?

A

A strip consisting of brass on one side and steel on the other, welded together.

47
Q

What happens when Dr. Hewitt heats up the strip?

A

It bends.

48
Q

Why does the strip behave as it does when Dr. Hewitt heats it up?

A

Both metals expand unequally.

49
Q

Why does a bimetallic strip bend with changes in temperature?

A

The two metals expand at different rates.

50
Q

Why is the temperature fairly constant for landmasses surrounded by large bodies of water?

A

Water has a high specific heat capacity.

51
Q

In which direction does heat flow spontaneously between hot and cold objects?

A

From high temperature to low temperature.

52
Q

When the temperature of a strip of iron is increased, the length of the strip _.

A

also increases

53
Q

Which of these has the highest specific heat capacity?

A

Water.

54
Q

Why do substances expand when their temperature is increased?

A

Higher-temperature substances have greater molecular motion.

55
Q

Distinguish between a calorie and a joule.

A

1 calorie = 4.19 joules

56
Q

According to the law of conservation of energy, if ocean water cools, then something else should warm. What is it that warms?

A

The cooling ocean warms the air.

PHYSICS 130 (7 decks)

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