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PHYSICS 130 > CHAPTER 14: GASES > Flashcards

CHAPTER 14: GASES Flashcards

1
Q

_ states that the product of pressure and volume is constant in an ideal gas.

A

Boyle’s law

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2
Q

What element can be found in the farthest reaches of space where the atmospheric density is about one molecule per cubic centimeter?

A

Hydrogen.

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3
Q

_ are the smooth paths of bits of fluid.

A

Streamlines

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4
Q

How tall would a mercury barometer need to be in order to accurately determine atmospheric pressure?

A

760 mm.

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5
Q

Helium balloons will eventually pop at a certain altitude when released into the atmosphere because _.

A

the pressure inside the balloon being greater than the pressure outside the balloon

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6
Q

The _ explains why the amount of water that flows past any given section of the pipe is the same as the amount that flows past any other section of the same pipe even if the pipe widens or narrows.

A

principle of continuity

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7
Q

_ states that an object surrounded by air is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the air displaced.

A

Archimedes’ principle

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8
Q

What two properties of air determine atmospheric pressure?

A

The density of the air, the depth of the air above.

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9
Q

Why does the air in the atmosphere get thinner with increasing altitude?

A

Gravity decreases farther away from Earth.

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10
Q

_ states that where the speed of a fluid increases, internal pressure in the fluid decreases.

A

Bernoulli’s principle

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11
Q

What two factors determine the thickness of our atmosphere?

A

Kinetic energy of the molecules, gravity acting on the molecules.

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12
Q

How tall would a barometer made out of water need to be in order to accurately determine atmospheric pressure?

A

10.3 m.

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13
Q

What type of weather can you expect when a high pressure system moves in?

A

Cooler temperatures and clear skies.

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14
Q

An airplane wing is designes so the air above the wing is moving faster than the air below the wing at takeoff, which is an application of _.

A

Bernoulli’s principle

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15
Q

When drinking a liquid through a straw, _.

A

the liquid is not sucked up; it is pushed up by the pressure of the atmosphere

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16
Q

When streamlines of a fluid are closer together, _.

A

flow speed is greater, and pressure within the fluid is less

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17
Q

This phase of matter is the most abundant in the universe.

A

Plasma

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18
Q

_ explains why air pressure inside the inflated tires of an automobile is considerable higher than the atmospheric pressure outside.

A

Boyle’s law

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19
Q

Which is not an application of Bernoulli’s principle?

A

A hot-air balloon floating above the horizon.

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20
Q

What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

A

Barometer.

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21
Q

What type of weather can you expect when a low-pressure system moves in?

A

Warmer weather, rain, and storms

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22
Q

A hot-air balloon floating upward on a cool morning is an application of _.

A

Archimedes’ principle

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23
Q

When the flow of a fluid is chaotic, _.

A

the flow is called turbulent

24
Q

What is a main factor in determining the kinetic energy of the molecules in our atmosphere?

A

The Sun.

25
Q

A gas of positive ions and negative electrons is know as a _.

A

plasma

26
Q

The weight of air in a column 1-m2 in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere is _.

A

101,000 N

27
Q

Atmospheric pressure is caused by the _.

A

weight of the atmosphere

28
Q

A strong wind blows over the house shown in the figure. The wind is much stronger over the house’s roof than lower down, and the house has an open chimney. A window on the ground floor is open, and so are the doors inside the house. Which way will air flow through the house?

A

In the window and out the chimney.

29
Q

As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere its _.

A

not the mass, volume, weight, or density

30
Q

How does a plasma differ from a gas?

A

A plasma is made up of ionized atoms.

31
Q

Why are high-altitude research balloons only partially inflated when launched?

A

The atmospheric pressure decreases as they rise, so they expand. If they were fully inflated at launch, they would burst at high altitudes.

32
Q

What happens to the internal pressure in a fluid flowing in a horizontal pipe when its speed decreases?

A

The pressure increases when the speed decreases.

33
Q

When a party balloon is compressed to one-third its volume, gas pressure in the balloon _.

A

triples

34
Q

Why would a water barometer have to be 13.6 times taller than a mercury barometer?

A

Mercury is 13.6 times denser than water.

35
Q

The energy source responsible for molecular motions in Earth’s atmosphere is _.

A

the sun

36
Q

Air pressure over the surface of a bird’s wings decreases when _.

A

air speed increases there

37
Q

A mountain-climber friend with a mass of 90 kg ponders the idea of attaching a helium-filled balloon to himself to effectively reduce his weight by 25 % when he climbs. He wonders what the approximate size of such a balloon would be. Hearing of your physics skills, he asks you. Share with him your calculations that find the volume of the balloon.

A

V = 19 m^3

38
Q

How does the mass of the air in your bedroom compare to your mass?

A

They are approximately equal.

39
Q

When you drink liquid through a straw, is it more accurate to say the liquid is pushed up the straw rather than sucked up the straw? What exactly does the pushing?

A

The atmospheric pressure outside the straw pushes the liquid toward the lower pressure in your mouth.

40
Q

What happens when Dr. Hewitt places a card on a glass full of colored water and turns it upside down?

A

The card stays, and the water also stays in the glass.

41
Q

Why do the card and water do what they do when Dr. Hewitt flips them over?

A

The card is held up by atmospheric pressure that balances the weight of water.

42
Q

What happens when Dr. Hewitt takes the cans containing a small amount of hot water and dips them in cold water?

A

The cans get crushed.

43
Q

Why do the cans containing a small amount of hot water do what they do in the experiment when Dr. Hewitt immerses them?

A

When the cans are suddenly cooled, the pressure inside them is less than the atmospheric pressure outside.

44
Q

Airplane flight best illustrates _.

A

Bernoulli’s principle

45
Q

As a fluid gains speed, its internal pressure _.

A

decreases

46
Q

Consider the video tutorial you just watched. Suppose we repeat the experiment, but this time place the divider closer to one side of the tube than to the other. How will the speed of the air on the wide and narrow sides of the divider compare? (Assume that burning has a negligible effect on the mass of the air circulating through the tube.)

A

The air will move faster on the narrow side.

47
Q

How does the weight of mercury in a barometer compare with the weight of an equal cross-section of air from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?

A

They are equal.

48
Q

Atmospheric pressure is mainly due to the _.

A

weight of air

49
Q

What is an ideal gas?

A

An ideal gas is one where the disturbing effects of forces between molecules and the finite size of molecules can be ignored.

50
Q

A column of mercury 76 cm tall has a weight that is equal to _.

A

that of a column of water 10.3 m tall

51
Q

A 1 kg balloon at equilibrium in the air is buoyed up with a force of _.

A

10 newtons

52
Q

Calculate where the top of the atmosphere would be.

A

h = 8.5 km

53
Q

How high would you have to go in the atmosphere for half of the mass of air to be below you?

A

5.6 km

54
Q

As a high-altitude balloon rises higher into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in _.

A

density

55
Q

Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing _.

A

altitude

56
Q

A mountain-climber friend with a mass of 82 kg ponders the idea of attaching a helium-filled balloon to himself to effectively reduce his weight by 25 % when he climbs. He wonders what the approximate size of such a balloon would be. Hearing of your physics skills, he asks you. Share with him your calculations that find the volume of the balloon.

A

82 x 0.25 = 20.5 kg / 1.2 kg/m^3 = 17 m^3

PHYSICS 130 (7 decks)

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