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PHYSICS 130 > CHAPTER 12: SOLIDS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 12: SOLIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following materials are amorphous solids?

A

Glass, rubber, plastic.

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2
Q

A curve of maximum strength used in arches is called a _.

A

catenary

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3
Q

A material with an ordered arrangement of atoms is knows as _.

A

a crystalline solid

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4
Q

_ is the property of a solid in which it can change shape due to a deforming force and return to its original shape once the force is removed.

A

Elasticity

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5
Q

What are the principle types of bonding in a solid?

A

Ionic, covalent, metallic, van der Waals.

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6
Q

Which is the correct formula for weight density?

A

Weight / Volume.

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7
Q

Which of the following materials are crystals?

A

Quartz, salt.

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8
Q

When something is pushed in (squashed), it is in _.

A

compression

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9
Q

Why can an insect fall from a tall tree to the ground without harm but a human most likely cannot?

A

The insect has 10 times as much surface area as weight.

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10
Q

The ratio of mass per unit volume is commonly referred to as _.

A

density

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11
Q

Why did ancient structures, like the temples in ancient Greece, have many vertical pillars holding the roofs in place?

A

Flat stone slabs making up roofs are weak under the forced produced by gravity.

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12
Q

An arch that is rotated through a complete circle is also known as a _.

A

dome

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13
Q

_ is the study of how the volume and shape (size) of any object affect the relationships among its strength, weight, and surface area.

A

Scaling

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14
Q

Which is heavier: 100 pounds of feathers or 100 pounds of bricks?

A

Neither; both amounts are equally heavy.

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15
Q

The _ is an example of a catenary arch.

A

Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri

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16
Q

_ is an example of a catenary arch.

A

An egg, Gateway Arch in St. Louis Missouri, a chain hanging between two points of support

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17
Q

In an elastic material, the ratio of force per distance stretched is commonly referred to as _.

A

Hooke’s law

18
Q

What part of an African elephant is scaled very large to enhance the cooling of the elephant?

A

The elephant’s ears.

19
Q

When something is pulled on (stretched), it is said to be in _.

A

tension

20
Q

This elastic material is very strong under tension forces.

A

Steel

21
Q

Materials that display _ do not resume their original shape after being deformed.

A

inelasticity

22
Q

As the size of a thing increases, _.

A

it grows heavier much faster than it grows stronger

23
Q

What is the densest substance on Earth?

A

Iridium.

24
Q

A material with a random distribution of atoms is knows as _.

A

an amorphous solid

25
Q

Why are water towers spherically shaped?

A

A sphere has the smallest area per volume.

26
Q

Which is denser: an object that has a density of 1000 kg/m^3 or one that has a density of 1 g/cm^3?

A

They are the same density.

27
Q

If the volume of an object were doubled while its mass remained the same, its density would _.

A

be half

28
Q

Which has the greater density?

A

Both a cup full and lake full of fresh water have the same density.

29
Q

The density of a 2-cubic meter block of mass of 1000 kg is _.

A

500 kg/m^3

30
Q

Which of the following has the greatest density?

A

Gold.

31
Q

If a 1-kg object stretches a spring by 2 cm, then how much will the spring be stretched when it supports a 3-kg object? (Assume the spring does not reach its elastic limit.)

A

6 cm.

32
Q

Which of these is most elastic?

A

Steel.

33
Q

When a chocolate bar is cut in half, its density is _.

A

unchanged

34
Q

Compared to the density of a kilogram of feathers, the density of a kilogram of lead is _.

A

more

35
Q

What is the mass density of water? What is the weight density of water?

A

1000 kg/m^3; 9800 N/m^3.

36
Q

What type of force holds atoms together in a crystal?

A

Electric.

37
Q

What happens to the volume of a loaf of bread that is squeezed? The mass? The density?

A

Decreses, stays the same, increases.

38
Q

Which has more mass, a liter of ice or a liter of water?

A

A liter of water.

39
Q

An iron block in a furnace is heated and consequently expands, which means that its density is _.

A

less

40
Q

A metal block has a mass of 5 grams and a volume of 1 cubic centimeter. A piece of the same kind of metal with a volume of 2 cubic centimeters has a density of _.

A

5 g/cm^3

41
Q

A metal block has a density of 5000 kg per cubic meter and a volume of 2 cubic meters. What is the block’s mass?

A

10,000 kg.

42
Q

How does the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline substance differ from the arrangement in a noncrystalline (amorphous) substance?

A

Atoms in crystals are in an ordered array. In amorphous materials, they are randomly distributed.

PHYSICS 130 (7 decks)

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