CHAPTER 12: SOLIDS

Question 1

Which of the following materials are amorphous solids?

Answer 1

Glass, rubber, plastic.

Question 2

A curve of maximum strength used in arches is called a _.

Answer 2

catenary

Question 3

A material with an ordered arrangement of atoms is knows as _.

Answer 3

a crystalline solid

Question 4

_ is the property of a solid in which it can change shape due to a deforming force and return to its original shape once the force is removed.

Answer 4

Elasticity

Question 5

What are the principle types of bonding in a solid?

Answer 5

Ionic, covalent, metallic, van der Waals.

Question 6

Which is the correct formula for weight density?

Answer 6

Weight / Volume.

Question 7

Which of the following materials are crystals?

Answer 7

Quartz, salt.

Question 8

When something is pushed in (squashed), it is in _.

Answer 8

compression

Question 9

Why can an insect fall from a tall tree to the ground without harm but a human most likely cannot?

Answer 9

The insect has 10 times as much surface area as weight.

Question 10

The ratio of mass per unit volume is commonly referred to as _.

Answer 10

density

Question 11

Why did ancient structures, like the temples in ancient Greece, have many vertical pillars holding the roofs in place?

Answer 11

Flat stone slabs making up roofs are weak under the forced produced by gravity.

Question 12

An arch that is rotated through a complete circle is also known as a _.

Answer 12

dome

Question 13

_ is the study of how the volume and shape (size) of any object affect the relationships among its strength, weight, and surface area.

Answer 13

Scaling

Question 14

Which is heavier: 100 pounds of feathers or 100 pounds of bricks?

Answer 14

Neither; both amounts are equally heavy.

Question 15

The _ is an example of a catenary arch.

Answer 15

Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri

Question 16

_ is an example of a catenary arch.

Answer 16

An egg, Gateway Arch in St. Louis Missouri, a chain hanging between two points of support

Question 17

In an elastic material, the ratio of force per distance stretched is commonly referred to as _.

Answer 17

Hooke’s law

Question 18

What part of an African elephant is scaled very large to enhance the cooling of the elephant?

Answer 18

The elephant’s ears.

Question 19

When something is pulled on (stretched), it is said to be in _.

Answer 19

tension

Question 20

This elastic material is very strong under tension forces.

Answer 20

Steel

Question 21

Materials that display _ do not resume their original shape after being deformed.

Answer 21

inelasticity

Question 22

As the size of a thing increases, _.

Answer 22

it grows heavier much faster than it grows stronger

Question 23

What is the densest substance on Earth?

Answer 23

Iridium.

Question 24

A material with a random distribution of atoms is knows as _.

Answer 24

an amorphous solid

Question 25

Why are water towers spherically shaped?

Answer 25

A sphere has the smallest area per volume.

Question 26

Which is denser: an object that has a density of 1000 kg/m^3 or one that has a density of 1 g/cm^3?

Answer 26

They are the same density.

Question 27

If the volume of an object were doubled while its mass remained the same, its density would _.

Answer 27

be half

Question 28

Which has the greater density?

Answer 28

Both a cup full and lake full of fresh water have the same density.

Question 29

The density of a 2-cubic meter block of mass of 1000 kg is _.

Answer 29

500 kg/m^3

Question 30

Which of the following has the greatest density?

Answer 30

Gold.

Question 31

If a 1-kg object stretches a spring by 2 cm, then how much will the spring be stretched when it supports a 3-kg object? (Assume the spring does not reach its elastic limit.)

Answer 31

6 cm.

Question 32

Which of these is most elastic?

Answer 32

Steel.

Question 33

When a chocolate bar is cut in half, its density is _.

Answer 33

unchanged

Question 34

Compared to the density of a kilogram of feathers, the density of a kilogram of lead is _.

Answer 34

more

Question 35

What is the mass density of water? What is the weight density of water?

Answer 35

1000 kg/m^3; 9800 N/m^3.

Question 36

What type of force holds atoms together in a crystal?

Answer 36

Electric.

Question 37

What happens to the volume of a loaf of bread that is squeezed? The mass? The density?

Answer 37

Decreses, stays the same, increases.

Question 38

Which has more mass, a liter of ice or a liter of water?

Answer 38

A liter of water.

Question 39

An iron block in a furnace is heated and consequently expands, which means that its density is _.

Answer 39

less

Question 40

A metal block has a mass of 5 grams and a volume of 1 cubic centimeter. A piece of the same kind of metal with a volume of 2 cubic centimeters has a density of _.

Answer 40

5 g/cm^3

Question 41

A metal block has a density of 5000 kg per cubic meter and a volume of 2 cubic meters. What is the block's mass?

Answer 41

10,000 kg.

Question 42

How does the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline substance differ from the arrangement in a noncrystalline (amorphous) substance?

Answer 42

Atoms in crystals are in an ordered array. In amorphous materials, they are randomly distributed.