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PHYSICS 130 > CHAPTER 11: THE ATOMIC NATURE OF MATTER > Flashcards

CHAPTER 11: THE ATOMIC NATURE OF MATTER Flashcards

1
Q

The original philosopher who did not believe that matter was made from atoms was _.

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

Which statement abouts atoms is true?

A

Atoms cannot be seen with visible light.

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3
Q

When atoms of different elements bond to one another, they make a _.

A

compound

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4
Q

Atoms that don’t exist naturally in nature are normally created _.

A

in the laboratory with high energy atomic accelerators and nuclear reactors

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5
Q

The model of the atom that is most similar to the model of our solar system is the _.

A

nuclear model of the atom

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6
Q

Which is the correct arrangment of an atom?

A

A nucleus consisting of neutrons and protons surrounded by orbiting electrons.

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7
Q

In the early 1800s, this famous scientist was the first person to successfully revive the theory that matter was made from atoms.

A

John Dalton

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8
Q

Which statement about atoms is true?

A

Atoms cannot be seen with visible light.

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9
Q

Atoms are so small that there are _ atoms in a droplet of water.

A

10^23

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10
Q

Which of the following atomic particles are the lightest?

A

Electrons.

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11
Q

An element is _.

A

when a substance is composed of only one kind of atom

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12
Q

Elements are arranged by their atomic number and electrical arrangements in _.

A

the periodic table

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13
Q

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is known as the _.

A

mass number

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14
Q

Which of the following atomic particles make up an atom?

A

Electrons, neutrons, protons.

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15
Q

In which substance would atoms move around the fastest?

A

The atmosphere.

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16
Q

What determines the size of the electron shell’s diameter?

A

The amount of electric charge in the nucleus.

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17
Q

_ is the explanation of why grains of pollen, when suspended in water, constantly move and jumping about.

A

Brownian motion

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18
Q

A substance that is mixed together without chemically bonding is called a _.

A

mixture

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19
Q

In order for us to visualize what an atom looks like, scientists construct _.

A

models

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20
Q

An element’s atomic number refers to _.

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

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21
Q

The lightest and most abundant element in the universe is _.

A

hydrogen

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22
Q

Matter composed of negative nuclei and positive electrons is known as _.

A

antimatter

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23
Q

A _ is the smallest particle of a substance that consists of two or more atoms that bond together by sharing electrons.

A

molecule

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24
Q

Elements can have up to _ shells that hold electrons.

A

seven

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25
An isotope is _.
an atom with a different number of protons than neutrons in the nucleus
26
Dark matter is considered to be _.
plentiful in the universe
27
How does one isotope differ from another?
It has a different number of neutrons.
28
What does the atomic number of an element tell you about the element?
The number of protons in its nucleus.
29
One neutron added to a helium nucleus results in _.
helium
30
What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet?
They annihilate each other.
31
How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron?
It is equal and opposite.
32
Which of the following is not an element: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, water?
Water.
33
Two protons removed from an oxygen nucleus result in _.
carbon
34
What is a compound? Cite two examples.
Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H20
35
An important feature of atoms is that they _.
have wave properties
36
Brownian motion is caused by _.
particles larger than atoms bumping into them
37
How does the approximate number of atoms in the air in your lungs compare with the number of breaths of air in Earth's atmosphere?
The numbers are about the same, 10^23.
38
Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't we fall through a floor we stand on?
Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another.
39
Rank: Magnesium, Niobium, Dubnium, Tantalum. Most to least by their mass.
Dubnium, Tantalum, Niobium, Magnesium.
40
Rank: Magnesium, Niobium, Dubnium, Tantalum. Most to least by their number of electrons.
Dubnium, Tantalum, Niobium, Magnesium.
41
Rank: Magnesium, Niobium, Dubnium, Tantalum. Most to least by their number of protons.
Dubnium, Tantalum, Niobium, Magnesium.
42
To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be _.
neither added or removed from the mercury nucleus
43
Why aren't heavier elements much larger than lighter elements?
The larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits.
44
What is the evidence that dark matter exists?
Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter.
45
Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated? What is this mass composed of?
In the nucleus as protons and neutrons.
46
Which of the following is an element?
Hydrogen.
47
Which of the following are negatively charged?
Electrons.
48
How does a molecule differ from an atom? Give an example.
A molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together: H20.
49
Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus?
Gold.
50
Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.
Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.
51
The atomic masses of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60. What is the number of protons in each?
27 protons.
52
The atomic masses of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60. What is the number of neutrons in each?
59-(32 neutrons) and 60-(33 neutrons).
53
The atomic masses of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60. What is the number of orbiting electrons in each when the isotopes are electrically neutral?
59-(27 electrons) and 60-(27 electrons).
54
As the text cites, atoms are incredibly tiny, numerous, perpetually moving, and what else?
Ageless.
55
To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?
Loses.
56
What are the five most common elements in humans?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Calcium.
57
Why can't atoms be seen with a powerful optical microscope?
Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light.
58
The periodic table of the elements is a list of _.
atoms
59
Under the microscope _.
specks of dust moving around
60
Under the microscope why did the particles jiggle around?
The particles were struck by atoms, but unequally on different sides.
61
If you place a Styrofoam cup on the table and a bunch of BBs move around it randomly, what will happen to the cup, and why?
The cup will move randomly in different directions because the BBs will exert unequal forces on the cup in different directions.
62
What is the most abundant element in the known universe?
Hydrogen.
63
What is a mixture? Cite two examples.
Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand.
64
Rank: Calcium, Strontium, Lithium, Oxygen. Most to least by their mass.
Strontium, Calcium, Oxygen, Lithium.
65
Rank: Calcium, Strontium, Lithium, Oxygen. Most to least by their number of electrons.
Strontium, Calcium, Oxygen, Lithium.
66
Rank: Calcium, Strontium, Lithium, Oxygen. Most to least by their number of protons.
Strontium, Calcium, Oxygen, Lithium.

PHYSICS 130 (7 decks)

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