Chapter 15 - definitions

Question 1

Amphetaminen

Answer 1

A stimulant drug

Question 2

analgesics

Answer 2

drugs that reduce pain

Question 3

anandamide

Answer 3

the first endogenous endocannabinoid to be discovered and characterized

Question 4

Withdrawal syndrome

Answer 4

The illness brought on by the elimination from the body of a drug on which the person is physically dependent.

Question 5

Conditioned drug tolerance

Answer 5

Tolerance effects that are maximally expressed only when a drug is administered in the same situation in which it has previously been administered.

Question 6

Codeine

Answer 6

A relatively weak psychoactive ingredient of opium.

Question 7

Mesocorticolimbic pathway

Answer 7

The component of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system that has cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area that project to various cortical and limbic sites.

Question 8

Empathogens

Answer 8

Psychoactive drugs that produce feelings of empathy.

Question 9

Ventral tegmental area

Answer 9

The midbrain nucleus of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system that is the major source of the mesoscorticolimbic pathway.

Question 10

Contingent drug tolerance

Answer 10

Drug tolerance that develops as a reaction to the experience of the effects of drugs rather than to drug exposure alone

Question 11

Morphine

Answer 11

The major psychoactive ingredient in opium.

Question 12

Functional tolerance

Answer 12

Drug tolerance that results from changes that reduce the reactivity of the sites of action to the drug.

Question 13

Drug metabolism

Answer 13

The conversion of a drug from its active form to a nonactive form.

Question 14

Delirium tremens (DTs)

Answer 14

The phase of alcohol withdrawal syndrome characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorientation, agitation, confusion, hyperthermia, and tachycardia.

Question 15

Opioids

Answer 15

Morphine, codeine, heroin, and other chemicals with similar structures or effects.

Question 16

Physical-dependence theories of addiction

Answer 16

Theories holding that the main factor that motivates drug-addicted individuals to keep taking drugs is the prevention or termination of withdrawal symptoms.

Question 17

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 17

A neuropsychological disorder that is common in alcoholics and whose primary symptoms include memory loss, sensory and motor dysfunction, and, in its advanced stages, severe dementia.

Question 18

Interoceptive stimuli

Answer 18

Stimuli that arise from inside the body.