Chapter 15 - Alcohol

Question 1

FAS symptoms

Answer 1

A child with FAS suffers from some or all of the following symptoms: brain damage, intellectual disability poor coordination, poor muscle tone, low birth weight, retarded growth, and/or physical deformity

Question 2

transgenerational epigenetic effects

Answer 2

There is evidence that alcohol consumption might have effects on subsequent generations, even when consumed by the male parent; that is, alcohol consumption has been shown to produce transgenerational epigenetic effects

Question 3

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 3

The offspring of mothers who consume substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy can develop fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Question 4

Chronic Alcohol Consumption effects

Answer 4

causes extensive scarring, or cirrhosis, of the liver, which is the major cause of death among heavy alcohol users. Alcohol erodes the muscles of the heart and thus increases the risk of heart attack. It irritates the lining of the digestive tract and, in so doing, increases the risk of oral and liver cancer, stomach ulcers, pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), and gastritis (inflammation of the stomach).

Question 5

Alcohol affects the brain function of drinkers in other ways as well.

Answer 5

it interferes with the function of second messengers inside neurons; it disrupts GABAergic and glutaminergic transmission; it leads to DNA methylation; and it triggers apoptosis

Question 6

Chronic alcohol consumption produces

Answer 6

extensive brain damage. This damage is produced both directly and indirectly

Question 7

Alcohol Withdrawal phase 1

Answer 7

begins 6 to 8 hours after the cessation of alcohol consumption and is characterized by anxiety, tremor, nausea, and tachycardia (rapid heartbeat).

Question 8

Alcohol Withdrawal Phase 2

Answer 8

second phase begins 10 to 30 hours after cessation of drinking, and is characterized by hyperactivity, insomnia, and hallucinations.Clinical Implications

Question 9

Alcohol Withdrawal Phase 3

Answer 9

hird phase, which typically occurs between 12 and 48 hours after cessation of drinking, is convulsive activity.

Question 10

Alcohol Withdrawal Phase 4

Answer 10

which usually begins 3 to 5 days after the cessation of drinking and lasts up to a week, is called delirium tremens (DTs). The DTs are characterized by disturbing hallucinations, bizarre delusions, disorientation, agitation, confusion, hyperthermia (high body temperature), and tachycardia. The convulsions and the DTs produced by alcohol withdrawal can be lethal.

Question 11

alchohol Withdrawal

Answer 11

Withdrawal from alcohol after a long bout of heavy drinking produces a full-blown alcohol withdrawal syndrome comprising four phases