Chapter 15 Flashcards
what is the Neuroendocrine system made of and what does it do
sets of neurons, glands and non-endocrine tissues, and the neurochemicals, hormones, and signals they produce and receive, that function in an integrated manner to collectively regulate a physiological state.
What are the 5 major hormones
Testosterone, insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol.
what does the endocrine system refers to?
the collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
what does high GI food lead to ?
○ High GI foods → ↑ insulin ↑ fat storage
what will lack of sleep lead to (hormonal)
○ Lack of sleep → ↑ ghrelin ↓ leptin
What do hormones do in the body ?
a major signalling system in the body
They are the ‘government’ of our physiology.
What is the speed of signaling in the Nervous system
fast signaling
What is the speed of signaling in the endocrine system
slower signaling
how do does the nervous system and endocrine system work together ?
to regulate the physiological functions in a process called neuroendocrine integration.
Define: Catabolism
the numerous metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units to release energy.
it provides the chemical energy required for maintaining and growth of the cell
define: Anabolism
refers to the many metabolic pathways that construe molecules from smaller units
anabolism is powered by Catholicism
what neural response does flight or fight secrete
secretes ACTH, which releases neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine.
also produdes cotisol
what does cortisol in response to acute exercises
increases blood pressure & respiration so that more oxygenated blood can be delivered to the muscles, causes the liver to convert proteins into glucose, and aids in the metabolism of fat and carbohydrate.
Cortisol depresses the immune system and other functions not required for exercise.
what does cortisol, do in response to exercise and psychological stress
increases blood sugar and aids in the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrate.
It also suppresses the immune system and repair functions and decreases bone formation.
what happens if there is too much cortisol ?
elevated levels are very problematic.
Can cause insulin resistance and diabetes.
Can also stimulate visceral adipose tissue to store fat.
what will over simulation lead to
adrenal fatigue
do you understand figure 15.3?
see google doc
What is the formula for performance
Performance = Fitness – Fatigue
acute vs chronic inflammation
acute: severe and sudden onset
chronic: long and occurs over a long time
what are causes of chronic inflammation
Excessive exercise without recoevery as mentioned
Diet – safflower, sunflower, corn, peanut & soybean oils (omega 3 versus 6)
Persistent stress – chronic elevated cortisol influences insulin levels and metabolism and takes its toll on immune system.
Environmental stressors
what are key anabolic hormones
testosterone, human growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factors (IGF).
when is the Anabolic processes initiated
after exercise: Postexercise insulin will help replenish glycogen.
when is the ideal time to exercise ?
- Usually a person’s lifestyle and personal preference dominate this decision.
Just because testosterone levels are higher in the morning does not mean this is the best time to exercise.
when is Testosterone usually secreted
in a circadian pattern.
what are the hormonal effects of a diet
-high GI: elevated level of cortisol, cause pancreas to become insulin
How can you optimize your hormonal balance?
- get adequate sleep
What are the hormonal affects you receive from sleep, naps and relaxation?
- Testosterone is released during certain parts of the
sleep cycle. - Growth hormone levels are raised
• Naps and periods of relaxation during the day ↓
blood pressure
What is linked to insufficient sleep? How does blue light (cell phone light) affect your melatonin levels?
• Insufficient sleep is linked to disease: cancers, heart
disease and diabetes
• Blue ↓ light melatonin
Quiz yourself: One of the body’s responses to increased stress is to release the catabolic hormone \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. cortisol B. insulin C. growth hormone D. insulin-like growth factor E. testosterone
A) cortisol
Quiz yourself: Dr. Eric Banister suggested a good way to view performance is: A. Power output B. Fitness minus fatigue C. Work capacity D. VO2 max E. Overall fitness
B) fitness- fatigue
