Chapter 15

Question 1

Name the five categories of mental disorders

Answer 1

1) Neurodevelopmental
2) Psychotic
3) Mood
4) Depressive
5) Anxiety

Question 2

What is comorbidity?

Answer 2

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

Question 3

What is the diathesis-stress model of mental illness?

Answer 3

Mental illness develops when a person who has some predisposition or vulnerability to mental illness (the “diathesis”) experiences a major life stressor; remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

Question 4

Name examples of anxiety disorders

Answer 4

• phobic disorders=marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations i.e. agoraphobia
• panic disorder=the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror
• generalized anxiety disorder=chronic, excessive worry accompanied by 3 or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance

Question 5

What is the preparedness theory?

Answer 5

ppl are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears

Question 6

Define mood disorder

Answer 6

mental disorders that have mood disturbances as their predominant feature and take two forms: depression and bipolar disorder

Question 7

Define depression

Answer 7

a severely depressed mood and/or inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 or more weeks and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbance; persistent = 2 years; double = 2 years punctuated by major; seasonal affective disorder

Question 8

What is the helplessness theory?

Answer 8

the idea that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal (i.e. own fault), stable (i.e. unlikely to change), and global (i.e. widespread)

Question 9

Describe Empathizing and Systematizing in individuals with Autism

Answer 9

empathizing- knowing the mental states of others; IMPAIRED

systematizing- understanding the rules that organize the structure and function of objects; SUPERIOR

Question 10

Define antisocial personality disorder

Answer 10

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood