chapter 15 Flashcards
gonads develop in a ___ position next to the dorsal body wall.
RETROPERITONEAL
gonads are derived from
intermediate mesoderm
Testis take over the mesonephric duct for itself, and it winds up becoming
the spermatic duct, or DUCTUS DEFERENS
Mesonephric duct =
Wolffian duct
Paramesonephric duct =
Mullerian duct
Male testes descend from their initially retroperitoneal position, through the body wall, into a pouch protruding from the body wall called the
SCROTUM.
Everything gets dragged along in this descent:
ductus deferens, nerves, blood vessels. called the?
spermatic cord
homolgues of scrotal structures
Skin:
Superficial fascia:
External oblique:
Internal oblique:
Transversus abdominus:
Coelom + peritoneum:
Skin: SCROTAL SAC
Superficial fascia: DARTOS MUSCLE
External oblique: EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA
Internal oblique: CREMASTER MUSCLE
Transversus abdominus: INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA
Coelom + peritoneum: TUNICA VAGINALIS
Labioscrotal swelling =
(future position of scrotum in males or labium majus in females).
If it were a wide open hole, loops of the intestine could slip out there – with resulting damage to gut tube (constriction or strangulation) – __?
herniation
hernia is guarded against by the opening being a very narrow slit – __?
the INGUINAL CANAL.
This distal end bit that attaches to the testis is called the __?
EPIDIDYMIS.
A specialized collecting tube runs from the ovary to the embryonic cloaca.
It is plastered over the ovary so that when an egg is shed from the ovary, it doesn’t escape into the coelom.
This collecting tube is the ____?
PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCT – is positioned just lateral to the mesonephric duct of the developing kidney.
The caudal ends of the right and left paramesonephric ducts fuse near their entrance into the embryonic cloaca to become the___?
UTERUS AND VAGINA
The remaining unfused parts are then known as the ____?.
UTERINE TUBES, SALPINX, or more commonly the FALLOPIAN TUBES
connective tissue strap/band anchoring ovary to lateral uterine wall.
OVARIAN LIGAMENT –
remnant of the female gubernaculum connecting uterus to labia majora.
ROUND LIGAMENT OF THE UTERUS –
Sheet of connective tissue supporting uterus laterally, as well as fallopian tube and ovary out to lateral body wall.
BROAD LIGAMENT –
The ovary’s gubernaculum persists in the adult as a pair of fibrous cords that RUN THROUGH A VESTIGAL INGUINAL CANAL, and insert into the ___?
LABIA MAJORA (round ligament of the uterus).
The space left for the opening ventral to the rectum is the__?
UROGENITAL SINUS
A midline outpocketing of the urogenital sinus grows dorsally toward uterus and forms a __?
tubular VAGINA
The vagina opens at its dorsal end into the uterus and at its ventral end into the urethral part of the ___?
urogenital sinus.
In Females: THREE OPENINGS of the old cloaca: ___?
(1) urethra, (2) vagina, and (3) anus.
The genital tuburcle forms tissue of the
cloacal rim
Just above (cranial to) cloacal opening in human embryo is a small bump called the __?
GENITAL TUBERCLE.
The specialized erectile tissues form as two masses on each side of the midline (total of four-4):
Closer to midline:
More laterally:
right and left BULB.
More laterally: right and left CRUS (plural – crura).
Males have __ columns of erectile tissue.
3
erectile tissue in the male:
Right and left bulbs fuse in the midline to form the
CORPUS SPONGIOSUM
CORPUS SPONGIOSUM – surrounds
the urethra
(Male) urethra emerges out of tip of enlarged genital tuburcle ____?
glans penis
(male)
right and left cura remain independent and form the paired
corpora cavernosa
male)
right and left sides are bound to one another by ____ (wrapping around everything like a banana peel)
tunica albuginea
They form separate masses of erectile tissue on either side of the vaginal opening - the BULBS OF THE VESTIBULE, which become the ___?
LABIA MINORA (singular, MINUS)
Female
the tip end in the midline is called the
clitoris
clitoris is homologue to
glans of penis
Several glands develop as outpocketings of the inner wall of the urogenital sinus. (Most are better developed in males.)
Males (function)
PROSTATE GLAND –
SEMINAL VESICLES –
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS –
at upper end of urethra in the male. Encircles urethral neck.
outpocketing of ejaculatory duct.
in postpelvic body wall
Several glands develop as outpocketings of the inner wall of the urogenital sinus.
females-
greater vestibular glands
secrete mucous fluids that serve as lubricants during copulation.
____ produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ motility (ability to move)
The seminal vesicles
The fluid of the seminal vesicles makes up most of the volume of a man’s __?
ejaculatory fluid, or ejaculate.
These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra. This fluid serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any acidity that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra.
Bulbourethral glands
arises from ischium behind crus of penis or clitoris. Wraps around corpora cavernosa to insert on either side on tunica albuginea.
(females
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE –
arises from central tendon (median raphe’) of the urogenital diaphragm and covers the bulb of the penis (males) or vestibular bulb
(females)
BULBOSPONGIOSUS MUSCLE –
Males
Maintain erection by
Bulbospongiosus may contract to aid in ejaculation
constricting venous return of blood.
Bulbospongiosus may contract to aid in
ejaculation
Females musculature of perineal region
Possibly a sphincter-like function around vaginal opening in females.
