chapter 15

Question 1

gonads develop in a ___ position next to the dorsal body wall.

Answer 1

RETROPERITONEAL

Question 2

gonads are derived from

Answer 2

intermediate mesoderm

Question 3

Testis take over the mesonephric duct for itself, and it winds up becoming

Answer 3

the spermatic duct, or DUCTUS DEFERENS

Question 4

Mesonephric duct =

Answer 4

Wolffian duct

Question 5

Paramesonephric duct =

Answer 5

Mullerian duct

Question 6

Male testes descend from their initially retroperitoneal position, through the body wall, into a pouch protruding from the body wall called the

Answer 6

SCROTUM.

Question 7

Everything gets dragged along in this descent:

ductus deferens, nerves, blood vessels. called the?

Answer 7

spermatic cord

Question 8

homolgues of scrotal structures
Skin:

Superficial fascia:

External oblique:

Internal oblique:

Transversus abdominus:

Coelom + peritoneum:

Answer 8

Skin: SCROTAL SAC
Superficial fascia: DARTOS MUSCLE
External oblique: EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA

Internal oblique: CREMASTER MUSCLE

Transversus abdominus: INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA

Coelom + peritoneum: TUNICA VAGINALIS

Question 9

Labioscrotal swelling =

Answer 9

(future position of scrotum in males or labium majus in females).

Question 10

If it were a wide open hole, loops of the intestine could slip out there – with resulting damage to gut tube (constriction or strangulation) – __?

Answer 10

herniation

Question 11

hernia is guarded against by the opening being a very narrow slit – __?

Answer 11

the INGUINAL CANAL.

Question 12

This distal end bit that attaches to the testis is called the __?

Answer 12

EPIDIDYMIS.

Question 13

A specialized collecting tube runs from the ovary to the embryonic cloaca.
It is plastered over the ovary so that when an egg is shed from the ovary, it doesn’t escape into the coelom.
This collecting tube is the ____?

Answer 13

PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCT – is positioned just lateral to the mesonephric duct of the developing kidney.

Question 14

The caudal ends of the right and left paramesonephric ducts fuse near their entrance into the embryonic cloaca to become the___?

Answer 14

UTERUS AND VAGINA

Question 15

The remaining unfused parts are then known as the ____?.

Answer 15

UTERINE TUBES, SALPINX, or more commonly the FALLOPIAN TUBES

Question 16

connective tissue strap/band anchoring ovary to lateral uterine wall.

Answer 16

OVARIAN LIGAMENT –

Question 17

remnant of the female gubernaculum connecting uterus to labia majora.

Answer 17

ROUND LIGAMENT OF THE UTERUS –

Question 18

Sheet of connective tissue supporting uterus laterally, as well as fallopian tube and ovary out to lateral body wall.

Answer 18

BROAD LIGAMENT –

Question 19

The ovary’s gubernaculum persists in the adult as a pair of fibrous cords that RUN THROUGH A VESTIGAL INGUINAL CANAL, and insert into the ___?

Answer 19

LABIA MAJORA (round ligament of the uterus).

Question 20

The space left for the opening ventral to the rectum is the__?

Answer 20

UROGENITAL SINUS

Question 21

A midline outpocketing of the urogenital sinus grows dorsally toward uterus and forms a __?

Answer 21

tubular VAGINA

Question 22

The vagina opens at its dorsal end into the uterus and at its ventral end into the urethral part of the ___?

Answer 22

urogenital sinus.

Question 23

In Females: THREE OPENINGS of the old cloaca: ___?

Answer 23

(1) urethra, (2) vagina, and (3) anus.

Question 24

The genital tuburcle forms tissue of the

Answer 24

cloacal rim

Question 25

Just above (cranial to) cloacal opening in human embryo is a small bump called the __?

Answer 25

GENITAL TUBERCLE.

Question 26

The specialized erectile tissues form as two masses on each side of the midline (total of four-4): Closer to midline: More laterally:

Answer 26

right and left BULB. | More laterally: right and left CRUS (plural – crura).

Question 27

Males have __ columns of erectile tissue.

Answer 27

3

Question 28

erectile tissue in the male: | Right and left bulbs fuse in the midline to form the

Answer 28

CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

Question 29

CORPUS SPONGIOSUM – surrounds

Answer 29

the urethra

Question 30

(Male) urethra emerges out of tip of enlarged genital tuburcle ____?

Answer 30

glans penis

Question 31

(male) | right and left cura remain independent and form the paired

Answer 31

corpora cavernosa

Question 32

male) | right and left sides are bound to one another by ____ (wrapping around everything like a banana peel)

Answer 32

tunica albuginea

Question 33

They form separate masses of erectile tissue on either side of the vaginal opening - the BULBS OF THE VESTIBULE, which become the ___?

Answer 33

LABIA MINORA (singular, MINUS)

Question 34

Female | the tip end in the midline is called the

Answer 34

clitoris

Question 35

clitoris is homologue to

Answer 35

glans of penis

Question 36

Several glands develop as outpocketings of the inner wall of the urogenital sinus. (Most are better developed in males.) Males (function) PROSTATE GLAND – SEMINAL VESICLES – BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS –

Answer 36

at upper end of urethra in the male. Encircles urethral neck. outpocketing of ejaculatory duct. in postpelvic body wall

Question 37

Several glands develop as outpocketings of the inner wall of the urogenital sinus. females- greater vestibular glands

Answer 37

secrete mucous fluids that serve as lubricants during copulation.

Question 38

____ produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ motility (ability to move)

Answer 38

The seminal vesicles

Question 39

The fluid of the seminal vesicles makes up most of the volume of a man’s __?

Answer 39

ejaculatory fluid, or ejaculate.

Question 40

These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra. This fluid serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any acidity that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra.

Answer 40

Bulbourethral glands 

Question 41

arises from ischium behind crus of penis or clitoris. Wraps around corpora cavernosa to insert on either side on tunica albuginea. (females

Answer 41

ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE –

Question 42

arises from central tendon (median raphe’) of the urogenital diaphragm and covers the bulb of the penis (males) or vestibular bulb (females)

Answer 42

BULBOSPONGIOSUS MUSCLE –

Question 43

Males Maintain erection by Bulbospongiosus may contract to aid in ejaculation

Answer 43

constricting venous return of blood.

Question 44

Bulbospongiosus may contract to aid in

Answer 44

ejaculation

Question 45

Females musculature of perineal region

Answer 45

Possibly a sphincter-like function around vaginal opening in females.