Chapter 12

Question 1

perineal musculature is?

Answer 1

hypaxial muscuature

external, middle and deep

Question 2

external layer is

Answer 2

urogenital diaphragm,diaphragm (external sphincters) and deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 3

middle layer?

Answer 3

Pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani
Coccygeu

Question 4

deep layer

Answer 4

Transversalis fascia

Question 5

Represents Body Wall on the most inferior portion of the body / trunk

Answer 5

hypaxial

Question 6

Superficial layer nerve?

Answer 6

Pudendal nerve (S2,3,4) to urogenital diaphragm

Question 7

Middle layer nerve?

Answer 7

Nerve to pelvic diaphragm aka Pelvic Diaphragm N. (S4,5)

Question 8

Deep layer nerve?

Answer 8

reduced to fascia, no innervation necessary.

Question 9

Deep layer – have sensory component like

Answer 9

afferent coming back but no efferent bc it is not muscular, you are not going to contract it

Question 10

Pudendal N. exits _____, and re-enters through the _____?

Answer 10

Greater Sciatic Foramen

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

Question 11

Deep perineal space lies?

Answer 11

internal to deepest layer (transversalis fascia)

Question 12

Ischiorectal fossa lies?

Answer 12

between urogenital diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm.

Question 13

Superficial perineal space is between?

Answer 13

urogenital diaphragm and superficial fascia plus skin.

Question 14

terminal end of the internal iliac artery was?

Answer 14

was the fetal umbilical artery

Question 15

Mesenteries protect ?

Answer 15

Vessels & Nerves that are running between the Organ and the Body Wall

Question 16

Kidneys derived from?

Answer 16

INTERMEDIATE MESODERM

Question 17

Kidney starts out as a

Answer 17

SEGMENTAL STRUCTURE

Question 18

Bladder, as part of embryonic gut tube: lining derived from

Answer 18

endoderm

Question 19

The Reproductive System of Gonads also are derived from

Answer 19

Intermediate Mesoderm

Question 20

The Bladder is part of

Answer 20

Hindgut Diverticulum

Question 21

Urinary System is used for what is referred to as?

Answer 21

excretion

Question 22

production and expulsion of urine

Defecation is?

Answer 22

elimination

Question 23

There is a segment of ___ for every body segment.

Answer 23

intermediate mesoderm

Question 24

Earliest kidney appears in the ____region of the body! (About week 3.) Called the ____?

Answer 24

cervical region

PRONEPHROS.

Question 25

what is the purpose of the pronepherous

Answer 25

its the precursor to help develop the mesonephrous (middle kidney)

Question 26

The Mesonephros creates a? which is critical for?

Answer 26

Duct | final kidney

Question 27

METANEPHROS

Answer 27

final kidney humans have

Question 28

everything goes through there / a common duct | Eventually separates out

Answer 28

Cloaca

Question 29

the little segments that are going to develop to the Nephros and the kidneys, it is early pieces / segments of the Kidney

Answer 29

somites

Question 30

Down by the Cloaca means that there are pieces of

Answer 30

Mesonephros

Question 31

why do we need to Split the bladder away from the gut tube

Answer 31

so we can separate out Urinary / Excretory from the Digestive System

Question 32

the Mesonephros sends a little extension and ultimately becomes?

Answer 32

your Ureter

Question 33

Mesonephro originally segmented | Just like the Pronephros, the Mesonephros actually form a___ for each segment and you create on either side a ___?

Answer 33

little duct | common duct

Question 34

Mesonephric Duct, it comes all the way down and attaches to the

Answer 34

Cloaca

Question 35

By the time you get down to the development of the Metanephros, now it is not going to be __?

Answer 35

segmented (one peice)

Question 36

The Mesonephric Duct comes in and attaches to / makes a connection to the ____ but what it does is send a ____out off of the Mesonephric Duct, penetrates the ______ and branches out inside of the _____?

Answer 36

Cloaca Ureteric Bud Metanephros metanephros

Question 37

A septum, grows between the more dorsal part of the gut tube and the more ventral part that will become the bladder.

Answer 37

URORECTAL SEPTUM,

Question 38

So, like the heart, and the lungs, the bladder is ____to your gut tube.

Answer 38

ventral

Question 39

KIDNEYS ARE ____?

Answer 39

RETROPERITONEAL

Question 40

Function of the Kidneys

Answer 40

filter blood

Question 41

Reddish brown material is the ____ of the Kidney / the portion that does the filtering

Answer 41

parancuma

Question 42

The Ureter is coming to the Kidney through the ___ then branching out / spreading out

Answer 42

Hilus

Question 43

– Drainage System of the Kidney (the lighter color

Answer 43

ureter

Question 44

Parancuma – Functional Tissue is divided into TWO regions

Answer 44

– Inner: Medulla & Outer: Cortex

Question 45

Kidney drainage begins with microscopic _____ in the ____?

Answer 45

collecting tubules | medulla

Question 46

Microscopic collecting tubules empty from medulla into ____?

Answer 46

MINOR CALYCES

Question 47

Minor calyces coalesce and empty into ____

Answer 47

MAJOR CALYCES

Question 48

Major calyces coalesce and empty into a single, large, central collecting bowl, _____?

Answer 48

RENAL PELVIS

Question 49

The renal pelvis is in turn drained by the ____?

Answer 49

ureter

Question 50

The things that are running through the Renal Sinus ____?

Answer 50

the Calyces, Renal Pelvis, Arteries and Veins

Question 51

_____ is what is going to drain the Urine away from the Urinary Bladder and carry the Urine to the outside of the Body

Answer 51

URETHRA

Question 52

The bladder is lined by a special type of epithelium: ___?

Answer 52

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM (it’s stretchy)

Question 53

The triangle defined by the connection of the two ureters and the exit of the urethra is NOT ELASTIC. It is known as the ____?

Answer 53

TRIGONE OF THE BLADDER.

Question 54

Renal Arteries are branches of ______. Ultimately, branches of it give rise to glomeruli.

Answer 54

descending aorta

Question 55

Kidneys drained by____ which dump into inferior vena cava. (As body wall structures, they DO NOT dump into hepatic portal system.)

Answer 55

Renal Veins

Question 56

INNERVATION OF KIDNEYS | Sympathetic Innervation: _____? Synapse in nearby ____?

Answer 56

T5-T9 & T10-T11 (multiple branches entering into renal plexus). Synapse in nearby Celiac Ganglion.

Question 57

Innervation of kidneys | Sympathetic Function: ___?

Answer 57

may constrict blood flow to kidneys (afferent arterioles), decreasing overall kidney output.

Question 58

INNERVATION OF KIDNEYS Parasympathetic Innervation: ____?.

Answer 58

Vagus nerve (of course!) Synapse on target organ

Question 59

INNERVATION OF KIDNEYS | Parasympathetic Function: ___?

Answer 59

May increase blood flow to kidneys, increasing kidney filtration function, but autonomics play a reduced role and hormonal control is more important

Question 60

INNERVATION OF BLADDER Sympathetic Innervation: ____?

Answer 60

T12-L2. Lumbar splanchnic nerves, synapsing in inferior mesenteric plexus, leading to hypogastric plexus.

Question 61

INNERVATION OF BLADDER | Sympathetic Function: _____?

Answer 61

inhibit constriction of muscular wall of bladder (detrusor), contract sphincters.

Question 62

bladder came from

Answer 62

hindgut

Question 63

INNERVATION OF BLADDER Parasympathetic Innervation: ____?

Answer 63

S2-4. Pelvic nerve. Synapse right on bladder wall.

Question 64

INNERVATION OF BLADDER | Parasympathetic Function: ___?

Answer 64

stimulate constriction of muscular wall of bladder (detrusor), relax sphincters.

Question 65

Sympathetic is____, it _______ the Muscle, it is to _____ the Skeletal Muscle it is a defense response

Answer 65

fight or flight constricts contract

Question 66

bc when you contract your Muscle you withstand impact, increasing the pressure in the ___?

Answer 66

Coelom