Chapter 12 Flashcards
perineal musculature is?
hypaxial muscuature
external, middle and deep
external layer is
urogenital diaphragm,diaphragm (external sphincters) and deep transverse perineal muscle
middle layer?
Pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani
Coccygeu
deep layer
Transversalis fascia
Represents Body Wall on the most inferior portion of the body / trunk
hypaxial
Superficial layer nerve?
Pudendal nerve (S2,3,4) to urogenital diaphragm
Middle layer nerve?
Nerve to pelvic diaphragm aka Pelvic Diaphragm N. (S4,5)
Deep layer nerve?
reduced to fascia, no innervation necessary.
Deep layer – have sensory component like
afferent coming back but no efferent bc it is not muscular, you are not going to contract it
Pudendal N. exits _____, and re-enters through the _____?
Greater Sciatic Foramen
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
Deep perineal space lies?
internal to deepest layer (transversalis fascia)
Ischiorectal fossa lies?
between urogenital diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm.
Superficial perineal space is between?
urogenital diaphragm and superficial fascia plus skin.
terminal end of the internal iliac artery was?
was the fetal umbilical artery
Mesenteries protect ?
Vessels & Nerves that are running between the Organ and the Body Wall
Kidneys derived from?
INTERMEDIATE MESODERM
Kidney starts out as a
SEGMENTAL STRUCTURE
Bladder, as part of embryonic gut tube: lining derived from
endoderm
The Reproductive System of Gonads also are derived from
Intermediate Mesoderm
The Bladder is part of
Hindgut Diverticulum
Urinary System is used for what is referred to as?
excretion
production and expulsion of urine
Defecation is?
elimination
There is a segment of ___ for every body segment.
intermediate mesoderm
Earliest kidney appears in the ____region of the body! (About week 3.) Called the ____?
cervical region
PRONEPHROS.
what is the purpose of the pronepherous
its the precursor to help develop the mesonephrous (middle kidney)
The Mesonephros creates a? which is critical for?
Duct
final kidney
METANEPHROS
final kidney humans have
everything goes through there / a common duct
Eventually separates out
Cloaca
the little segments that are going to develop to the Nephros and the kidneys, it is early pieces / segments of the Kidney
somites
Down by the Cloaca means that there are pieces of
Mesonephros
why do we need to Split the bladder away from the gut tube
so we can separate out Urinary / Excretory from the Digestive System
the Mesonephros sends a little extension and ultimately becomes?
your Ureter
Mesonephro originally segmented
Just like the Pronephros, the Mesonephros actually form a___ for each segment and you create on either side a ___?
little duct
common duct
Mesonephric Duct, it comes all the way down and attaches to the
Cloaca
By the time you get down to the development of the Metanephros, now it is not going to be __?
segmented (one peice)
The Mesonephric Duct comes in and attaches to / makes a connection to the ____ but what it does is send a ____out off of the Mesonephric Duct, penetrates the ______ and branches out inside of the _____?
Cloaca
Ureteric Bud
Metanephros
metanephros
A septum, grows between the more dorsal part of the gut tube and the more ventral part that will become the bladder.
URORECTAL SEPTUM,
So, like the heart, and the lungs, the bladder is ____to your gut tube.
ventral
KIDNEYS ARE ____?
RETROPERITONEAL
Function of the Kidneys
filter blood
Reddish brown material is the ____ of the Kidney / the portion that does the filtering
parancuma
The Ureter is coming to the Kidney through the ___ then branching out / spreading out
Hilus
– Drainage System of the Kidney (the lighter color
ureter
Parancuma – Functional Tissue is divided into TWO regions
– Inner: Medulla & Outer: Cortex
Kidney drainage begins with microscopic _____ in the ____?
collecting tubules
medulla
Microscopic collecting tubules empty from medulla into ____?
MINOR CALYCES
Minor calyces coalesce and empty into ____
MAJOR CALYCES
Major calyces coalesce and empty into a single, large, central collecting bowl, _____?
RENAL PELVIS
The renal pelvis is in turn drained by the ____?
ureter
The things that are running through the Renal Sinus ____?
the Calyces, Renal Pelvis, Arteries and Veins
_____ is what is going to drain the Urine away from the Urinary Bladder and carry the Urine to the outside of the Body
URETHRA
The bladder is lined by a special type of epithelium: ___?
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM (it’s stretchy)
The triangle defined by the connection of the two ureters and the exit of the urethra is NOT ELASTIC. It is known as the ____?
TRIGONE OF THE BLADDER.
Renal Arteries are branches of ______. Ultimately, branches of it give rise to glomeruli.
descending aorta
Kidneys drained by____ which dump into inferior vena cava. (As body wall structures, they DO NOT dump into hepatic portal system.)
Renal Veins
INNERVATION OF KIDNEYS
Sympathetic Innervation: _____? Synapse in nearby ____?
T5-T9 & T10-T11 (multiple branches entering into renal plexus). Synapse in nearby Celiac Ganglion.
Innervation of kidneys
Sympathetic Function: ___?
may constrict blood flow to kidneys (afferent arterioles), decreasing overall kidney output.
INNERVATION OF KIDNEYS
Parasympathetic Innervation: ____?.
Vagus nerve (of course!) Synapse on target organ
INNERVATION OF KIDNEYS
Parasympathetic Function: ___?
May increase blood flow to kidneys, increasing kidney filtration function, but autonomics play a reduced role and hormonal control is more important
INNERVATION OF BLADDER
Sympathetic Innervation: ____?
T12-L2. Lumbar splanchnic nerves, synapsing in inferior mesenteric plexus, leading to hypogastric plexus.
INNERVATION OF BLADDER
Sympathetic Function: _____?
inhibit constriction of muscular wall of bladder (detrusor),
contract sphincters.
bladder came from
hindgut
INNERVATION OF BLADDER
Parasympathetic Innervation: ____?
S2-4. Pelvic nerve. Synapse right on bladder wall.
INNERVATION OF BLADDER
Parasympathetic Function: ___?
stimulate constriction of muscular wall of bladder (detrusor), relax sphincters.
Sympathetic is____, it _______ the Muscle, it is to _____ the Skeletal Muscle it is a defense response
fight or flight
constricts
contract
bc when you contract your Muscle you withstand impact, increasing the pressure in the ___?
Coelom
