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Bio 224 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

perineal musculature is?

A

hypaxial muscuature

external, middle and deep

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2
Q

external layer is

A

urogenital diaphragm,diaphragm (external sphincters) and deep transverse perineal muscle

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3
Q

middle layer?

A

Pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani
Coccygeu

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4
Q

deep layer

A

Transversalis fascia

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5
Q

Represents Body Wall on the most inferior portion of the body / trunk

A

hypaxial

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6
Q

Superficial layer nerve?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2,3,4) to urogenital diaphragm

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7
Q

Middle layer nerve?

A

Nerve to pelvic diaphragm aka Pelvic Diaphragm N. (S4,5)

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8
Q

Deep layer nerve?

A

reduced to fascia, no innervation necessary.

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9
Q

Deep layer – have sensory component like

A

afferent coming back but no efferent bc it is not muscular, you are not going to contract it

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10
Q

Pudendal N. exits _____, and re-enters through the _____?

A

Greater Sciatic Foramen

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

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11
Q

Deep perineal space lies?

A

internal to deepest layer (transversalis fascia)

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12
Q

Ischiorectal fossa lies?

A

between urogenital diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm.

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13
Q

Superficial perineal space is between?

A

urogenital diaphragm and superficial fascia plus skin.

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14
Q

terminal end of the internal iliac artery was?

A

was the fetal umbilical artery

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15
Q

Mesenteries protect ?

A

Vessels & Nerves that are running between the Organ and the Body Wall

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16
Q

Kidneys derived from?

A

INTERMEDIATE MESODERM

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17
Q

Kidney starts out as a

A

SEGMENTAL STRUCTURE

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18
Q

Bladder, as part of embryonic gut tube: lining derived from

A

endoderm

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19
Q

The Reproductive System of Gonads also are derived from

A

Intermediate Mesoderm

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20
Q

The Bladder is part of

A

Hindgut Diverticulum

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21
Q

Urinary System is used for what is referred to as?

A

excretion

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22
Q

production and expulsion of urine

Defecation is?

A

elimination

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23
Q

There is a segment of ___ for every body segment.

A

intermediate mesoderm

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24
Q

Earliest kidney appears in the ____region of the body! (About week 3.) Called the ____?

A

cervical region

PRONEPHROS.

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25
Q

what is the purpose of the pronepherous

A

its the precursor to help develop the mesonephrous (middle kidney)

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26
Q

The Mesonephros creates a? which is critical for?

A

Duct

final kidney

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27
Q

METANEPHROS

A

final kidney humans have

28
Q

everything goes through there / a common duct

Eventually separates out

A

Cloaca

29
Q

the little segments that are going to develop to the Nephros and the kidneys, it is early pieces / segments of the Kidney

A

somites

30
Q

Down by the Cloaca means that there are pieces of

A

Mesonephros

31
Q

why do we need to Split the bladder away from the gut tube

A

so we can separate out Urinary / Excretory from the Digestive System

32
Q

the Mesonephros sends a little extension and ultimately becomes?

A

your Ureter

33
Q

Mesonephro originally segmented

Just like the Pronephros, the Mesonephros actually form a___ for each segment and you create on either side a ___?

A

little duct

common duct

34
Q

Mesonephric Duct, it comes all the way down and attaches to the

A

Cloaca

35
Q

By the time you get down to the development of the Metanephros, now it is not going to be __?

A

segmented (one peice)

36
Q

The Mesonephric Duct comes in and attaches to / makes a connection to the ____ but what it does is send a ____out off of the Mesonephric Duct, penetrates the ______ and branches out inside of the _____?

A

Cloaca
Ureteric Bud
Metanephros
metanephros

37
Q

A septum, grows between the more dorsal part of the gut tube and the more ventral part that will become the bladder.

A

URORECTAL SEPTUM,

38
Q

So, like the heart, and the lungs, the bladder is ____to your gut tube.

A

ventral

39
Q

KIDNEYS ARE ____?

A

RETROPERITONEAL

40
Q

Function of the Kidneys

A

filter blood

41
Q

Reddish brown material is the ____ of the Kidney / the portion that does the filtering

A

parancuma

42
Q

The Ureter is coming to the Kidney through the ___ then branching out / spreading out

A

Hilus

43
Q

– Drainage System of the Kidney (the lighter color

A

ureter

44
Q

Parancuma – Functional Tissue is divided into TWO regions

A

– Inner: Medulla & Outer: Cortex

45
Q

Kidney drainage begins with microscopic _____ in the ____?

A

collecting tubules

medulla

46
Q

Microscopic collecting tubules empty from medulla into ____?

A

MINOR CALYCES

47
Q

Minor calyces coalesce and empty into ____

A

MAJOR CALYCES

48
Q

Major calyces coalesce and empty into a single, large, central collecting bowl, _____?

A

RENAL PELVIS

49
Q

The renal pelvis is in turn drained by the ____?

A

ureter

50
Q

The things that are running through the Renal Sinus ____?

A

the Calyces, Renal Pelvis, Arteries and Veins

51
Q

_____ is what is going to drain the Urine away from the Urinary Bladder and carry the Urine to the outside of the Body

A

URETHRA

52
Q

The bladder is lined by a special type of epithelium: ___?

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM (it’s stretchy)

53
Q

The triangle defined by the connection of the two ureters and the exit of the urethra is NOT ELASTIC. It is known as the ____?

A

TRIGONE OF THE BLADDER.

54
Q

Renal Arteries are branches of ______. Ultimately, branches of it give rise to glomeruli.

A

descending aorta

55
Q

Kidneys drained by____ which dump into inferior vena cava. (As body wall structures, they DO NOT dump into hepatic portal system.)

A

Renal Veins

56
Q

INNERVATION OF KIDNEYS

Sympathetic Innervation: _____? Synapse in nearby ____?

A

T5-T9 & T10-T11 (multiple branches entering into renal plexus). Synapse in nearby Celiac Ganglion.

57
Q

Innervation of kidneys

Sympathetic Function: ___?

A

may constrict blood flow to kidneys (afferent arterioles), decreasing overall kidney output.

58
Q

INNERVATION OF KIDNEYS

Parasympathetic Innervation: ____?.

A

Vagus nerve (of course!) Synapse on target organ

59
Q

INNERVATION OF KIDNEYS

Parasympathetic Function: ___?

A

May increase blood flow to kidneys, increasing kidney filtration function, but autonomics play a reduced role and hormonal control is more important

60
Q

INNERVATION OF BLADDER

Sympathetic Innervation: ____?

A

T12-L2. Lumbar splanchnic nerves, synapsing in inferior mesenteric plexus, leading to hypogastric plexus.

61
Q

INNERVATION OF BLADDER

Sympathetic Function: _____?

A

inhibit constriction of muscular wall of bladder (detrusor),
contract sphincters.

62
Q

bladder came from

A

hindgut

63
Q

INNERVATION OF BLADDER

Parasympathetic Innervation: ____?

A

S2-4. Pelvic nerve. Synapse right on bladder wall.

64
Q

INNERVATION OF BLADDER

Parasympathetic Function: ___?

A

stimulate constriction of muscular wall of bladder (detrusor), relax sphincters.

65
Q

Sympathetic is____, it _______ the Muscle, it is to _____ the Skeletal Muscle it is a defense response

A

fight or flight
constricts
contract

66
Q

bc when you contract your Muscle you withstand impact, increasing the pressure in the ___?

A

Coelom

Bio 224 (6 decks)

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