CH 13 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM WITH EXAMPLES FROM THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM Flashcards
Nervous system is predominantly
electrical in nature
ENDOCRINE structures communicate by secreting chemicals .
INTO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Because the endocrine system is a system wherein chemicals diffuse through the circulatory system
it is slower, but often long-lasting in effect.
Endocrine System is Chemical in the way that it signals, does not have its own transmission line, it uses the already existing transport system of the Body
Circulatory system (reaches every single tissue of the body)
the more complex and have a specific Target are?
Messengers
Chemical Messengers –
Regulatory Molecules
The messenger molecules are called
HORMONES.
what is going to cause the signal to be received
Once they reach the Target Cell, the chemical is going to bind to a receptor on the Target Cell
The Glands / Tissues that produce the Chemical Agents / chemical regulatory molecules are called
endocrine glands/organs
rate at which cellular processes are happening
metabolism
Why do Hormones come in contact with all tissues of the Body?
Because they are travelling in the Circulatory System
If a Target Cell has a receptor then it is going to respond to the Hormone
But if a cell / organ / tissue lacks the receptor then
then it is not going to respond so it is not going to be effected
Hormones are produced and secreted by endocrine cells in_____?
tRACE AMOUNTS
Hormones circulate in the blood (in the circulatory system) to reach
all the tissues
hormones react only with ____ present in certain target cells/tissues
specific receptor molecules
Hormones can have ___, frequently activating enzymes.
CATALYTIC QUALITIES
A single hormone may have multiple effects on a ____ or_____?
single target tissue, OR on several different target tissues.
Changing Metabolism of the Cell / changing something in the cellular processes
metabolic effect
generally MOVEMENTS OF SOME KIND. (e.g. pigment migration, muscle contraction, glandular secretion
kinetic effect
have to do with GROWTH and DIFFERENTIATION of the cells by changing the metabolism of it.
morphogentic effect
REGULATION OF HORMONE SECRETION
Generally modulated ______?
by NEGATIVE FEEDBACK effect / loop
Negative Feedback Loop - Release a particular Hormone in order to ____ as soon as your body exhibits the ___ then that is going to turn off the release of the Hormone so it is going to Negatively Feedback, send back the signal that stops the release of the hormone
& That is how you control the Hormone
cause a desired effect
Decrease in blood pressure causes decrease in amount of
extracelluar fluid
Extracellular fluid is the fluid that is in the
interstitial
A change in fluid pressure in the extracellular region is sensed by the
JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS.
Decrease in extracellular pressure and blood pressure near distal convoluted tubule causes juxtaglomerular cells to release _____?
hormone RENIN
RENIN in blood stream converts the liver enzyme ANGIOTENSINOGEN into?
ANGIOTENSIN I
ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME (in the lung capillaries) converts Angiotensin I into ?
ANGIOTENSIN II.
Angiotensin II causes ADRENAL GLAND to secrete/release
ALDOSTERONE
ALDOSTERONE stimulates
stimulates ADH secretion; stimulates thirst; constricts arterioles
High concentrations of ADH also cause
vasoconstriction
Angiotensin II starts circulating throughout your system
Makes its way to the?
Adrenal Glands
Aldosterone stimulates the___?
RETENTION OF SODIUM IONS
