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Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Whats pharmacotherapie

A

Prescrire ou guider patient dans la prise de medicaments qui va agir sur le systeme nervrux , physiologie, cerveau
Traiter trouble par medicaments

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2
Q

What is Psychotherapie

A

Traitement de troubles en utilisant la psychologie (parole)

Améliore relations, aptitudes sociales et bien être générale,etc.

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3
Q

What are the types pf professionnels de la santé mentale and their specialty

A

Psychiatre - MD - prescribes med , évalue et traite troubles
Psychologue - PhD - diagnose, treat and does research
Travailleuse sociale - Masters - defense des droits, fournit soins de santé mentale
Therapeute - Masters - évalue et traite les troublesf

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4
Q

C’est quoi les causes anciennes des maladies mentales

A

Black magic
Possessed
Asiles conditions de vie

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5
Q

Cest quoi les traitements de santé mentale

A

L’efficacité expérimentale: essai du traitement en laboratoire

L’efficacité réelle: essai du traitement dans le monde réel

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of psychopharmacotherapie?

A

Antipsychose ) antidépresseur ) anxiolytique) psychoregulateur

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7
Q

What are the antipsychotique ´´ second one

A

Treatment for schizophrenia
Theres typique and atypiqur
Typique - reduces the level of dopamine and can cause syptomes extrapyramidaux (rigidité physique et mouvement involontaires) + dyskinésine tardive (mouvement involontaires et non désirés du visage, langue and bras)

Atypique - reduces the level of dopamine and sérotonine
Second generation of medication ´
Diminue leucocytemie ce qui rend susceptible aux infections

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8
Q

What are the antidepresseur ?

A

Treatment for dépression
- Depression is a déséquilibre des NT monoaminergiques (Serotonine, Noradrenaline and Dopamine)
Takes 4 to 6 weeks to take effect

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9
Q

Types of antidepresseurs

A

Theres 3 classes d’antidepresseurs
-Inhibiteurs Monoamine-oxydase (IMAO) - augmente durée des NT dans les synapses donc reste dans le cerveau plus longtemps

  • Antidépresseurs tricycliques - Augmente Serotonine and Noradrenaline, first medicament acceptés and moins toxique que IMAO,

USED today :
-Inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture sérotonine (ISRS) - traitement de premère intention , agit sur serotonine
50% of people with depression feel good with ISRS but only 20 to 30% have a complete soulagement

-Inhibiteurs selectifs de la recapture Serotonine & Noradrénaline (ISRN)

Can also be used for ANXIETY AND PTSD

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10
Q

What is anxiolytiques ?

A

Traitement de anxiété, excitation (classe des sédatif)
-creer un état calme , relaxation
It acts fast - unlike antidepresseurs
Agit sur le GABA (gaba calme le cerveau)
There are 2 types of anxiolytiques medication

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11
Q

WHat are the types of Anxiolytiques

A

Barbituriques : - phénobarbital
toxique

Benzodiazépines : - chlordiazépoxide
aka XANAX - risque de dépendance
Peut mener un effet paradoxal (so instead of calming you, it can make you more agitated

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12
Q

What is psychorégulateur

A

Eg. Lithium
Helps wiht changement d’humeur aka Bipolar disorder
- Gère euphorie excessive, réduit de sommeil et pensée grandioses typique durant une épisode de manie , réduit agressivité et agitation

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13
Q

What are the use of interventions non phamacologiques and what are the types presented in class?

A

They are used when treatments does not help with the disorder.
There are 4 types
- Électroconvulsiothérapie or thérapie électroconvulsive
- Psychochirurgie
- Stimulation Magnétique
- Stimulation cérébrale profonde

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14
Q

What is the thérapie électroconvulsive?

A
  • Aident avec personnes souffrant de dépression sévère
  • Requires Anesthésie and myorelaxant (to relaxe muscles and reduce fractures)
  • Fast results
  • Passes electro currents to the brain nerves
  • We dont know how it works and what it does to the brain. We only know that it can help
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15
Q

What is the problem with electroconvulsiotherapy ?

A

Despite the fast results from the procedure, ca rechute rapidement normally 6 months

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16
Q

What is Stimulation magnétique transcranienne ?

A

Magnet hovering above the head
Electromagnetic currents that stimulates parts of the brain
Reduces depression by half basically
Non invasive
Mode d’action est inconnue

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17
Q

What is psychochirurgie ?

A
  • Used only for extreme cases (severe OCD, épilepsie, violence extreme)
  • Trepanation is the first form of psychochirurgie introduced
  • Lobotomie frontal - enters through the orbite to cut the connection between lobe prefrontal and the rest of the brain
  • very invasive and irréversible
  • the second one helps with severe OCD, violence aggressive incontrollable and epilepsie
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18
Q

What is the Stimulation cérébrale profonde

A

It is the modern form of psychochirurgie
Requires electrodes that are implanting in the brain to stimulate specific parts of the brain
Acts similarly to a stimulateur cardiaque

19
Q

What is psychothérapie

A

Approche psychologique qui aide à identifier, changer et surmonter les pensées, sentiments, comportement problémaique.

Also known as thérapie verbale
Focuses on changement internes des individus

20
Q

What is a relation thérapeutique

A
  • Confort d’un individu et sa vlonté de s’engager avec le psychothérapeute
  • Very important for individual therapy (facteur de réussite) donc c’est correcte de changer de psychothérapie
21
Q

What is thérapie individuelle ?

A
  • Traitement collaboratif qui repose sur la relation entre personne et thérapeute —> établit une relation thérapeutique
  • Protection condifentialité des rencontres de thérapie (except if it has to do with law. Eg. Patient is suicidal or confesses about a homocide
22
Q

What is therapie en groupe

A

Un thérapeutre working with a group of individuals dealing with a commun theme/issue.(eg. Anxiety or anger)

Sharing thoughts and feelings - le dynamique du groupe joue un grand role

Groupe d’entraide - a variant of thérapie (groupe of people sharing a commun experience) and does not require the presence of a healthcare professional

23
Q

WHat is therpaie en couple

A

Thérapie qui aide avec des problemes de couples: infidélité, communication, problemes sexuels

Objectif is not always to save the relation but to help them realize what the solutions is, to find what is best for the couple and individuals

24
Q

What is Thérapie Familiale

A

Helps treat difficultés interpersonnelles entre les membres de la famille.
Types of problems treated: conflits entre parent and child, coparentalité after divorce,

25
What are the different schools of psychotherapie?
Thérapie orientée vers Insight Thérapie comportementale Thérapie Humaniste Thérapie cognitive
26
C’Est quoi la thérapie orientés ver INSIGHT
By Freud - Goal is: Trying to make people understand themsleves from a unconscious perspective Amongst them we have psychoanalyse - Goal: bringing the unconscious thoughts into the conscious thoughts
27
What are the things being explored in Psychoanalysis
- Association libre. = freely talk from what comes to mind - Analyse des rêves aka giving sens to a dream - Contenu manifeste (what the person remmebers) and contenue latent (parts of the dream that are revealed) - Lapsus - erreur de langage - Résistance - blocage, rêve oublié, rendez vous manqué -Transfert - when patient expresses to the therapist feelings that they have for someone else .
28
What is therapie comportementale and what are the methods
This therapy focuses on changing a comportement (often time problematic) - Thérapie comportementale opérant - Thérapie comportementale Pavlovien/Classique
29
What is therapie comportemental opérant?
focuses on (conséquences du comportment) - putting in place récompenses and punition to modify the comportement Technique des contingences de renforcement - utilisation de récompenses pour renforcer les comportments appropriés Technique des jeton - using objects/symboles as a response to a comportement souhaité - we can also change the jeton to something with greater importance eg. After 5 stickers, the patient can choose to get a new toy.
30
What is analyse appliquée du comportement
Thérapie qui consiste à réduire les comportments inappropriés et à accroître la communication efficace et comportement sociaux appropriés - requires an analyse fonctionnelle du comportment Eg. It helps people with TSA
31
C’est quoi une activation comportementale
Used for people with depression disorder Amène la personne à s’Activer, à entreprendre des activités The comportement themselves brings a recompense
32
What is thérapies de conditionnement pavlovien ?
- Apprentissage fondé sur association de comportement et de stimuli envionenmentauxx. - Thérapeute uses techniques de conditonnement pavlovien pour enseigner à sa patiente les propriétés prédictive de l’environnement - It is an approche de traitement appliqués pour les peurs et les phobies
33
What is contre conditonnement
Also known as déconditonnement - we use it to replace the comportment indésirables par des actions souhaitables Eg. Someone is scared of rabbits and so we use food to decondition them from having fear and to calm them
34
What is thérapie d’exposition?
Exposing someone to things that they are scared of Step 1 : technique de relaxation, aider à utiliser le ventre , ralemtir le rhytme de respiration, ralentire le corps, avertir le corps qu’il n’y a pas de danger Immersion - We put you in the worst case scenario (fear of water —> you are thrown in a body of water , fear of needles —> you will need needles for a maladie) Désensibilisation systématique - progressive (exposure, little by little) Imagination can also be used - eg. Telling someone to think of a snake sitting on them Thérapie par réalité virtuelle can also be used
35
Difference between Immersion and Desensibilisation systématique ?
Immersion is immédiate, worst case scenario being introduced - results in extinction cause eventually you are not scared anymore Désesibilisation systématique is little by little (progressive)
36
What is conditionnement aversif ?
Conditioning that helps us associate a negative response to a stimuli that is dangerous for us - remplacer un sentiment positif à un sentiment aversif liés au stimuli Eg. Alcool = vomit We use a combinaison of medication that causes those negative reponses On voit des rechute cus we know that the comportement is not linked to the stimuli
37
What is thérapie humaniste ?
IT’s psychotherapy centré sur la personne Carl Rogers is the first architect for humanist therapy Met accent sur les aspects conscient de l’experience humaine Moi réalité Moi idéal Promotes growth , favorise la réalisation de soi Écoute active, éclaircissement, considération positive inconditionnelle (permet la compréhension et acceptation en soi)
38
What is thérapie Gestalt-therapie par Fritz Perls ?
Aide à augmenter la conscience en soi Chercher potentiel cahcé et réprimé C’est plus directif They are encouraged to express themselves and their feelings Expression à une chaise vide
39
Difference between congruence Empathie Regard positif inconditionnelle
Regard positif inconditionel = accepte et respecte la patiente ou patient , faire preuve d’ouverture, de respect, bienveillance Empathie = faire preuve de compréhension à l’égard des problèmes et émotions de la patiente ou patient Congruence = être sincère et authentique
40
What is thérapie cognitive ?
- traite les troubles psychologique en enseignant des techniques de gestion de la pensée - Changing thoughts changes behavior
41
What are the 3 of Thérapie rationnelle émotive
A = Adverse events (évènements indésirable) B = Beliefs (croyance) C = conséquences émotionnelles ou comportementales Eg. A - he did not call me back, B - he’s not interested in me, C-I’m sad :(
42
Thérapie cognitive pour la dépression
Established by Aaron Beck Concentre sur les liens entre la facon dont une personne évalue les évènements et émotions qui en résultent. - établit un Registre des pensées = where pts right their thoughts to eventually find ways to think better
43
What is distortions cogntiives?
Schéma de pensées négatives qui peuvent etre envahissants et contribue à des troubles psychologiques. Dramatisation = being dramatic aka its over, im dying Rejet du positif = oui mais… everyone is doing well here , tis not me Pensée dichotomique = all or nothing Personalitsation = its my fault its raining Surgénéralisation = its always or its never

psycho (8 decks)

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