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History - Medieval > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

themes

A
  • administration related
    ex. who streamlined it
    ex. Ashtapradhan mandal -> who looked after foreign affairs
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2
Q

Causes of the Rise of the Marathas?

A

1.Physical features and Nature of the People
-precipitous mountains, inaccessible valleys and impregnable hill-forts were
-long tradition of military prowess -> served bahamani kingdoms
-knew “Guerrilla warfare”
-had skills to change their tactics according to the battle situation
without waiting for orders

  1. Bhakti Movement and its Impact
    - inculcated the spirit of oneness -> created bond in people
  2. external causes
    - The degeneration of Bijapur and Golkonda.
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3
Q

Various attacks on shivaji maharaj

  1. Afzal Khan, 1659
  2. Shaista khan
  3. Mirza raje jai singh
  4. mughals in general
  5. deccan campains
  6. border of kingdom
A
  1. sent by adil shah
  2. sent by aurangzeb as minister of deccan
  3. treaty of Purandar (1665)
    - gave mughals 33 forts
    - agreed to serve as a mansabdar and assist the Mughals in conquering Bijapur.
    - jai singh persuaded him to visit agra -> got prisoned -> escaped
  4. recovered all forts
    - 1672, the Marathas imposed chauth or one fourth of the revenue as annual tribute on Surat
  5. captured Senji and Vellore
  6. SS #292
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4
Q

Marathas after Shivaji
1.Sambhaji

  1. Rajaram
  2. Tara bai- widow of rajaram
  3. Shahu - son of sambhaji
A
  1. sambhaji
    - won Bahadurpur in Berar
    - Aurangzeb came to punish Sambhaji for giving protection to his rebellious son Prince Akbar II.
    - executed In 1689
  2. Rajaram
    - fight from the fortress of Senji in the Tamil country
    - death 1700
  3. Tarabai
    - plundered hyderabad
    - after shahu’s emergence started to rule from kolhapur.

4.shahu
-Aurangzeb’s death-> Sambhaji’s son
Shahu was released from prison and claimed the Maratha throne. Tara Bai objected -> civil war, in which Shahu emerged victorious and ascended the throne in 1708

-balaji vishwanath supported shahu -> got appointed peshwa,(1713)

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5
Q

duty of Mukhya Pradhan or Peshwa or prime minister?

A

look after the general welfare and interests of the State.

He officiated for the king in his absence.

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6
Q

duty of Amatya or finance minister

A

-checked and countersigned all public accounts of the kingdom.

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7
Q

duty of The Walkia-Nawis or Mantri

A

-maintained the records of the king’s activities and the proceedings in the court.

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8
Q

duty of Summant or Dabir or foreign secretary

A

-advise king on all matters of war

and peace and to receive ambassadors and envoys from other countries

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9
Q

duty of Sachiv or Shuru Nawis or home secretary

A

-look after the correspondence(patra vyavhaar) of the king with the power to revise the drafts. He also checked the accounts of the Parganas.

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10
Q

duty of Pandit Rao or Danadhyaksha or Sadar and Muhtasib or ecclesiastical head was

A
  • religion, ceremonies and charities.

- judge of canon law & censor of public morals

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11
Q

duty of Nyayadhish or chief justice

A

civil and military justice.

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12
Q

duty of Sari Naubat or commander-in-chief

A

recruitment, organization and discipline of the Army

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13
Q

Features of provincial government

A
  • kingdom divided in 4 provinces
  • no jagirs given ; officers paid in cash
  • no office hereditary
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14
Q

Revenue administration?

  1. how much tax %
  2. role of state in famine
A
  • 30%

- gave money , grains, liberal loans

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15
Q

what is chauth & sardeshmukhi

A

chauth : 25%

sardeshmukhi : 10%

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16
Q

Division of cavalary?

their payment?

A
  1. the bargirs (horses were given by the state)
  2. shiledars (find their own horses).

-payment in cash

17
Q

Peshwa rules

  1. Balaji vishwanath(1713-1720)
  2. Baji Rao I (1720–1740) -> the movie
  3. Balaji Baji Rao (1740–1761)

4.Peshwa Madhav Rao I
(1761–1772)

A

1.The practice of granting jagirs was revived. And the office of Peshwa was made hereditary.

2.Defeated nizam ; defeated bundelkhand,freed mastani ; Thana, Salsette and Bassein were captured
from the Portuguese in ; trading rights to british in deccan

  1. AKA Nana sahib
  2. Udgir battle,1760 : Peshwa supported the eldest son of the Nizam in succession battle
  3. entered Delhi in 1752 to drive out the Afghans and Rohillas from Delhi. Imad-ul-Mulk who was made the Wazir with the help of Marathas became a puppet in their hands.
  4. tried to find allies in north -> no one was ready
  5. Succesful against nizam of hyderabad & haider ali of mysore
    - defeated Rohillas (Pathans) and subjugating the Rajput states and Jat Chiefs.
18
Q

Bckground of third battle of panipat

A
  • Mughal Empire neglected the defence of the north-west frontier
  • contemporary mughal ruler gave asylum to afghan rebels -> sultan of afghanistan started attacking (1739)
  • after nadir shah -> ahmad shah abdali came to throne -> invaded india (1757) -> appointed Mir Bakshi as his agent in Delhi
  • Malhaar rao holkar & raghunath rao -> removed abdali’s agent -> also captured Sirhind and Lahore(1758)
  • abdali recovered punjab(1759) ; The Marathas were forced to withdraw from Lahore, Multan and Sirhind.

-Peshwa sent Dattaji Scindia,
the brother of Mahadhaji Scindia, to the
Punjab -> defeated & killed(1760)

  • Malhaar rao holkar defeated at Sikandara.
  • Abdali -> alliance with Najib-ud-Daulah of Rohilkhand and Shuja-ud-Daulah of Oudh ; Marathas had no allies
  • Maratha command : viswas rao(s.o.peshwa) ; real power :sadasiva rao

-instead of attacking the forces of Abdali,
remained quiet for a long time, until the scarcity of food became acute ; abdali was in fertile doab ,so had no issue.

19
Q

Effects of the Battle of Panipat

A
  • on 14 jan 1761
  • Viswas Rao, Sadasiva Rao died
  • Peshwa died broken hearted in june
20
Q

The Anglo-Maratha Wars

A

1.1st war (1775-1782)
-The Company administration in Bombay
supported Ragunath Rao in return for getting Salsette and Bassein. As Mahadaji Scindia and the Bhonsle of Nagpur turned pro-British, the Marathas had to concede Thane and Salsette to the latter.
-By the treaty of Salbai, in 1782, Ragunath Rao was pensioned off.

2.2nd war (1803-1806)
-forced the Subsidiary Alliance on
the Peshwa.
-under treaty of bassein territory to be ceaded should fetch an income of Rs. 26 Lakhs. -> marathas denied -> hence war

3rd war(1817-1818)
-Treaty for creating Maratha confederac yagainst british -> under treaty
„„The Peshwa resigned the headship of the Maratha confederacy.
„„Ceded Konkan to the British and recognised the independence of the Gaikwar.

  • after this war
  • „The British abolished the Peshwai (office of the Peshwa) and annexed all the Peshwa’s dominions
  • Maratha confederacy dissolved.
21
Q

Maratha administration under peshwas(1714-1818)

A

-Deshmukhs and Deshpandes were district officers who were in charge of accounts and were to observe the
activities of Mamlatdars and Kamavistars. It.

-Patil was chief village officers.

-In towns and cities the chief officer was
the Kotwal.

-Land was divided into three classes: according to the kinds of the crops, facilities for irrigation, and productivity of the land.

-The Judicial System was very imperfect.
There was no codified law.

22
Q

Maratha Rule in Tamilnadu
1.How it began?

2.Who was serfoji 2?

A

1.Troops from Bijapur, led by the Maratha general Venkoji, defeated the Nayak of Madurai and captured Thanjavur -> declared king.(1676)

2.last ruler of the Bhonsle dynasty of the Maratha principality of Thanjavur.
-educated by german missionary -> practitioner of Western science and medicine.
-had great library i.e.the Saraswati Mahal Library started by nayaka ruler enriched by him
-free modern public schools
-urged britishers to sponsor free schools for Indian children.
-founding and management of free elementary and secondary schools for orphans
-established Dhanvantari Mahal,
a research institution that produced herbal
medicine
-He authored Kumarasambhava Champu, Devendra Kuravanji, and Mudra rakshaschaya.
-introduced western musical instruments like clarinet, and violin in Carnatic music.
-credited with popularising the unique Thanjavur style of painting.

History - Medieval (8 decks)

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