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History - Medieval > Chap 12 > Flashcards

Chap 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Themes

A

1)Vijayanagar

Themes

-Facts about establishment of dynasties
ex:Saluva Narsimha put an end to
the old dynasty

  • special architectural feature of particular dynasty
    ex: kalyana mandapas is feature of
  • particular ruler & taxation system
    ex: krishna deva ->tax rate on land was fixed depending on the quality of the land.
  • famous temples : location
    ex: virupaksh
    ex: Vijaya Vittala temple
  • first ruler of particular empire
    ex: 1st rules of vijayanagar empire
  • who succeded whom?
    ex: only imp kingdoms i.e.who was before & after krishnadeva raya

2) Bahamani
- Themes

  • Important approach of kings related to religion?
    ex: king called “jagadguru” for secularism
  • reason for end of dynasty
    ex: dynasty of ahmednagar
  • important song compilation ; discovering new style
    ex: compilation with hindu & muslim deities,saints
    ex: discovering qawalli
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2
Q

kingdoms & their capitals in south india at the beginning of 14th century

A

-Yadavas of Devagiri (Western Deccan or present
Maharashtra),

-the Hoysalas of Dvarasamudra (Karnataka),

-the Kakatiyas of Warangal (eastern
part of present Telengana)

-Pandyas of Madurai (southern Tamil Nadu).

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3
Q

map locations of above

A
  • https://www.mapsofindia.com/india/maps/warangal-location-map.jpg
  • https://hi-static.z-dn.net/files/d68/2176ae0f29c8381ffc70871624ae0d99.jpg
  • https://www.mapsofindia.com/india/maps/madurai-location-map.jpg
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4
Q

how was bahamani dynasty established?

A

-Zafar khan (incharge of devgiri ) -> declared independence from delhi -> shifted capital to gulbarga -> took title bahman shah -> established bahamani kingdom.

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5
Q

why bahamani kingdom & vijaynagar kingdom fought?

A

-to control the rich Raichur doab, and also the sea ports of Goa,Honavar, etc. on the west coast, which were the
supply points of the horses

-raichur doab is area lying between the Krishna River and its tributary, the Tungabhadra River -> states telangana & karnataka

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6
Q

which work gives interesting details about the Nayankara system? under which king?

A
  • Telugu work Rayavachakamu

- Krishnadevaraya

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7
Q

kings of which dynasty issued a large number of gold coins? what were these coins called?important symbols on them were?

A
  • vijayanagara kings
  • were called Varaha,pon,honnu
  • had the bull, the elephant and the fabulous gandaberunda (a double eagle), also kings name sometimes
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8
Q

meaning of tarafs? which king introduced?

A

-bahman shah divided the kingdom into four territorial divisions called tarafs,-> for smooth administration

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9
Q

title assumed by bahman shah on coins

A

Second Alexander

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10
Q

what is Turquoise?

A

a semi-precious stone sky blue in colour.

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11
Q

which was the good system of government that was followed by all the successor of bahamani sultanates as well as by the Marathas later?by whom?

A
  • appointment of council of eight ministers of state i.e ashtapradhan mandal
  • by Mohammed I the succesor of bahman shah
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12
Q

who built two mosques at Gulbarga

A

mohammed 1

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13
Q

Mohammed Gawan was prime minister under rule of which king

A

mohammad 3 of bahamani kingdom

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14
Q

where is mohammad gawan madarasa? what it tells of him

A

in Bidar, with a large library, containing 3000 manuscripts, is illustrative of his scholarship.

  • writer,poet,mathematician etc
  • persian by birth
  • learnt use of gunpowder
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15
Q

governance stratergies used by mohammad gawan?

A
  • Gawan divided the existing four provinces into eight
  • put some districts of every province under direct central administration
  • governors allowed to occupy only 1 fort in territory- > remaining centrally administered
  • The royal officers made accountable to the Sultan for their income and expenditure
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16
Q

what led to weakening of bahamani kingdom?

A

-mohammad gawan reforms -> reduced power of provincial chiefs -> chiefs mostly deccany muslims -> already existing rivalary b/w deccani & pardesi muslim broke out -> sultan was also unhappy with mohammad gawan’s dominance -> got him executed -> foreign nobles were some of the strongest pillars of sultanate -> they started leaving sultanate after this incident.

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17
Q

who built goloconda fort? why was it famous? where is it located ? name of it’s entry gate?

A
  • The Raja Krishna Dev of the Kakatiya dynasty with Warangal as capital constructed the Golkonda Fort -> gave as jagir to Kali Kutub Khan
  • 17th century, Golkonda was famous as a diamond market. It gave the world some of the best-known diamonds, including the ‘Kohinoor’.
  • located 11 km from hyderabad
  • The Fateh Darwaza or the Victory Gate
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18
Q

best specimens of bahamani architecture? what was the style of architecture developed by sultans?

A

The Jami Masjid at Gulbarga,
the Golconda fort at Hyderabad,
Golgumbaz at Bijapur and the
Chand Minar at Bidar

style : indo-Saracenic

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19
Q

where were 4 independent kingdoms after collapse of bahamani? from where did Bahmani Sultan ruled as a puppet? which independent kingdom later annexed others?

A
  • Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Berar and Golkonda.
  • Bidar
  • Bijapur annexed Bidar & berar
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20
Q

for which purpose did bijapur,ahmadnagar & golokonda kingdom came together?

A

-To fight vijayanagar empire -> bahamani kingdoms won fight at Talikota or Rakshashi-Tangadi in
1565

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21
Q

who established of vijayanagara empire?when? what was contemporary reason?their royal insignia?

A
  • the two brothers Harihara and Bukka, the eldest sons of one Sangama-> sangama became name of their dynasty
  • around 1336
  • they used to serve hoyasala king ->death of the Hoysala king Ballala III at the hands of the Madurai Sultan -> became reason
  • the boar, or varahaas-> earlier used by chalukyas
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22
Q

what was the initial capital ? where was it moved?

A

Initially-> near about Anegondi on the north bank of the Tungabhadra river(tributary of krishna) -> shifted to Hoysala town Hosapattana (near Hampi) on the south bank. The capital was expanded and renamed Vijayanagara.

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23
Q

what is doubtful narrative about Vidyaranya (also called Madhava), a renowned Saiva saint in relation to harihar & bukka?

A

he have persuaded the brothers to abandon their

service to the Tughluqs and also to renounce Islam

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24
Q

dynasties that ruled vijayanagar empire?

A

the Sangama dynasty (1336–1485),
the Saluva dynasty (1485–1505),
the Tuluva dynasty (1505–1570)
Aravidu dynasty (1570–1650)

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25
Q

which contemporary situation led to rise of vijayanagar empire?

A

big south indian states of 13th cen -> pandyas, hoyasalas , kakatiyas almost destroyed by delhi sultanate (1300-1330) -> political vaccume

26
Q

who was the greatest ruler of the Sangama dynasty?which foreign traveller mentions about him? from which country he used to receive tribute?

A
  • Devaraya II
  • Abdur Razaak, the Persian ambassador says he controlled vast area
  • srilanka
27
Q

which sangama king defeated the Gajapati kingdom of Orissa army in some battles?

A

Devaraya II

28
Q

how was saluva dynasty established?

A

-trusted commander of sangama dynasty Saluva Narasimha -> protected areas from gajpatis -> then usurped the throne

29
Q

how was tuluva dynasty established?

A

saluva narsimha died with young children ->He was assisted by his general and great warrior Narasa Nayak -> narasa protected the children till death -> elder son of narasa Viranarasimha established tuluva dynasty -> younger son of narasa krishnadevaraya

30
Q

where is the pillar of victory at by krishnadevaraya?

A

Simhachalam.

31
Q

which european people helped krsihnadevaraya with military aid? what did they receieved in return?

A

portugese

got permission to build a fort at Bhatkal

32
Q

big donations by krishnadevaraya to which temples?

A

Srisailam, Tirupati, Kalahasti, Kanchipuram, Tiruvannamalai, Chidambaram,

33
Q

who were the some great poets of his(krishnadev) court?

A

Allasani Peddana,

Nandi Thimmana

34
Q

famous poem written by krishnadeva?

A

Amuktamalyada (the story of Andal)

Usha Parinayam and Jambavati Kalyanam are his famous Sanskrit works

35
Q

succession fued after death of krishnadeva?

A

-his son was a small child brother Achyutadevaraya became king.

  • Ramaraya, the son-in-law of Krishnadevaraya wanted to dominate the affairs by crowning the infant as
    king.
-Achyutadevaraya was however supported
by Chellappa (also known as Saluva Nayak) -> chellappa became rebel

-Achyutdevaraya dies ->nephew Sadasivaraya
succeeded him -> But real power lay in the hands of
Ramaraya-> the son-in-law

36
Q

what led to The battle of Talikota (1565)?

A

-due to ramaraya,bahamani kingdoms used to fight with each other
-based on scenario he used to fight with or against bijapur
-bahamani kingdoms understood this divide & rule stratergy -> came together & fought at Talikota or
Rakshasi-Tangadi in January 1565 -> viainagar lost.

37
Q

how was araividu dynsaty established?

A

Tirumala, brother of Ramaraya,
declared himself king in 1570, starting the
Aravidu, that is the fourth dynasty

38
Q

what was The chief minister was known

as in sangama dynasty period

A

the mahapradhani

39
Q

Harihara I and his immediate successors
tried to organize the territory by creating
administrative divisions,what were these divisions called?

A

called rajyas or provinces.

40
Q

what is nayaka system of krishnadevaraya times?what are the other areas where it is also found? this revenue assignment is known as?

A

-nayaka is a military leader or simply
soldier

  • system : assignment of revenue yielding territory in return for military service
  • similar to iqta system(PYQ) of delhi empire & kakatiya kingdom(13th century)
  • nayakkattanam in Tamil, Nayaktanam in Kannada, and nayankaramu.
41
Q

what was the title assumed by kaval chief of rameshwaram?

A

Udaiyan Sethupati (meaning the Chief who was lord of bridge or causeway, as he controlled the passage between Rameswaram and Ceylon).

42
Q

non-agrarian groups of vijayanagar period were generally called?

A 
the pattadai (workshop people) or kasaya-vargam
-that is- the group that pays taxes in cash
43
Q

title of krishnadevaraya?

A

Andhra bhoja
Abhinava Bhoja.
reign is regarded as the classical phase of Telugu literature -> hence called telugu pitamaha.

44
Q

who was sayana?

A

Sanskrit scholar -> wrote commentaries on Vedas

45
Q

who was madhvacharya?

A

well known sanskrit scholar

46
Q

who was gangadevi?what did she write?

A
  • wife of Kampana, son of Bukka.

- wrote Maduravijayam-> describes -> conquest of Madura by her husband.

47
Q

who was the greatest poet during the era, who composed the Telugu version of Kalidasa’s Shakuntalam?

A

Pillalamarri Pina Virabhadra Kavi.

48
Q

how many great poets were present in krishnadeva’s court?what were they called?

A

Eight -> known as Ashtadiggajas.

Tenali raman one of them.

49
Q

Vijayanagar rulers produced a new style of architecture called as?

A

Dravida style.

50
Q

The chief characteristics of the Vijayanagara architecture were?

A

the construction of tall Raya Gopurams or gateways and the Kalyanamandapam.

51
Q

Fine examples of kalyana mandapa can be seen at?

A
  • Vellore
  • Varadharajaswami and Ekamparanatha temples at Kanchipuram
  • Jambukesvara temple at Thiruchirapalli.
52
Q

During the period of the Vijayanagar kings, temples were built in?

A

Hampi, Shringeri, Tirupati, Kalahasti, Nandi, Kolar, Srishaila.

53
Q

The finest temples of Vijayanagara are in which city?they have been designated as what?

A
  • Hampi

- World Heritage City.

54
Q

The important features of Vijayanagara style

of temple architecture are

A
  • monolithic pillars,
  • ornate bracelets
  • decoration on the exterior side of the walls
55
Q

krishnadeva founded which town in memory of his mother, Nagamba?

A

Nagalapura (near Vijayanagar),

56
Q

most famous among temples by krishnadeva?

A

Vittalaswamy & Virupaksha

57
Q

what is written about vittalaswamy temple?it’s features

A

-Fergusson “it shows the extreme limit in florid
magnificence”
-has saptaswara musical pillars(i.e.Sa,re,ga,ma wala) & the Stone Chariot

58
Q

which temple is exclaimed as one of the most perfect

specimens of Hindu temple architecture in existence? by whom?

A
  • famous Hazara temple of krishnadeva’s reign

- by Longhurst

59
Q

Features of virupaksha temple?

A

Dasavathara & Girijakalyanam painting

60
Q

Vijayanagar rulers inscribed the stories from where on the walls of the various temples?

A

ramayana & mahabharat

History - Medieval (8 decks)

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