Chapter 13 Flashcards
sufi content covered from
-Rohan medeival notes -> P.No 46
PYQ themes
1)sikh
- which guru appointed whom as military leader
- who became guru after whom ex Arjun Dev became the Sikh Guru after Guru Ram
- imp contri -> ex.arjun dev gave own script i.e.gurumukhi
2) Sufi
- practices of sufi saints ex.meditation,breath control,reciting holy songs
- saint & contemporary sultan ex.saint nimbarka &akbar
ex. tukaram & contemporary - important personalities & their influencers ex.kabir & ahmad sirhindi
3) Bhakti
- proponents of bhakti cult
- chronology of all saints
proponents of bhakti cult
-kabir (15th century)
-Ravidas (15th&16th century)
-Guru Nanak (1469–1539)
-Chaitanya (1485–1533)
-Namadeva(1270-1350)
-Ramananda (1400-1470)
-Mirabai (1498-1546)
-Sur Das (14th&15th century)
Tuka Ram(1608-1650)
name of all sikh gurus with who appointed them
- Guru nanak -> went to jaggnath puri,stayed at mangu math (in news,partly destroyed by odisha govern. in 2019)
- Guru Angad -> gave gurumukhi lipi
- Guru Amar Das
- Guru Ram Das
- Guru Arjan -> gave harminder sahib
- Guru Hargobind
- Guru Har Rai
- Guru Har Krishan
- Guru Tegh Bahadur -> killed by aurangzeb -> also visited jaggnath puri
- Guru Gobind Singh
Bhakti as a religious concept means
devotional surrender to a supreme god for attaining salvation
every big personality/saint & contemporary sultan
- Ramananda -> Ravidas & kabir were his students
- Surdas -> Contemporary to akbar
- Tukaram ->contemporary of Maratha Shivaji and saints like Eknath and Ramdas.
chronology of all saints
- -Namadeva(1270-1350)
- Sur Das (14th&15th century)
- Ramananda (1400-1470)
- kabir (15th century)
- Ravidas (15th&16th century)
- Guru Nanak (1469–1539) -> contemporary of kabir,met kabir
- Chaitanya (1485–1533)
- Mirabai (1498-1546)
- Tuka Ram(1608-1650)
language used by particular saint
- -Namadeva(1270-1350) : Marathi and Hindi.
- Sur Das (14th&15th century) : hindi
3.Ramananda (1400-1470) : first
to preach his doctrine of devotion in Hindi, the
4.kabir (15th century) -> hindi,avadhi,braj,
bhojpuri (googled thing)
- Ravidas (15th&16th century)
- Guru Nanak (1469–1539)
- Chaitanya (1485–1533)
- Mirabai (1498-1546)
- Tuka Ram(1608-1650) : marathi
profession of particular saint
1.-Namadeva(1270-1350) ->son of
a tailor
- Sur Das (14th&15th century) : was part of akbar’s court
- Ramananda (1400-1470) : education in Hindu religious philosophy -> was preacher
- kabir (15th century) : probably a weaver.
- Ravidas (15th&16th century) :family of tanners-> making leather from animal skins
- Guru Nanak (1469–1539)
- Chaitanya (1485–1533)
- Mirabai (1498-1546) : rajput housewife
- Tuka Ram(1608-1650) : trader
hymns of the Vaishnava saints, Azhwars, are compiled as ?
Nalayira Divya Prabandham
meaning of
- parivrajaka
- sramana
- Upasaka
- wandering ascetic
- “one who labours, toils, or exerts themselves or “seeker, one who performs acts of austerity, ascetic”.
- Lay follower of Buddhism
meaning of
- parivrajaka
- sramana
- Upasaka
- wandering ascetic
- “one who labours, toils, or exerts themselves or “seeker, one who performs acts of austerity, ascetic”.
- Lay follower of Buddhism
Which central idea of Buddhism and Jainism, was adopted by Saivites and Vaishnavites?
idea of renunciation -> renunciation = abandonment of pursuit of material comforts, in the interests of achieving spiritual enlightenment
who expounded the philosophy known as Vishistadvaita, or qualified monism? what is advaita?
Ramanujar
-advaita mhnje ishwar ani manus he donhi ekatra yeu shaktat i.e. tya doghanmadhe dvait nahiye
who expounded the philosophy known as Vishistadvaita, or qualified monism? what is advaita?
Ramanujar
-advaita mhnje ishwar ani manus he donhi ekatra yeu shaktat i.e. tya doghanmadhe dvait nahiye
in which particular centuries bhakti movement flourished in south & north india
south - 7th
north-15th
practices followed by sufi saints for worship?
- ascetic exercises, contemplation, renunciation and self-denial
- sufi represents mystical dimension of islam -> it considers humanity at large
Sufism crystallized into various ‘Silsilahs’ or orders. The most popular Sufi orders were ?
Chistis, Suhrawardis, Qadiriyahs and Naqshbandis.
how sufis imagined their relation with god?
- Sufis regarded God as the supreme beauty and believed that one must admire it, take delight in His thought and concentrate his attention on Him only.
- God is ‘Mashuq’ (beloved) and Sufis are the ‘Ashiqs’ (lovers).
how sufis imagined their relation with god?
- Sufis regarded God as the supreme beauty and believed that one must admire it, take delight in His thought and concentrate his attention on Him only.
- God is ‘Mashuq’ (beloved) and Sufis are the ‘Ashiqs’ (lovers).
features of bhakti movement?
-monotheism
-beleived in freedom from the cycle
of life and death i.e. salvation
–gurus can act as guides
features of bhakti movement?
-monotheism
-beleived in freedom from the cycle
of life and death i.e. salvation
–gurus can act as guides
-universal brotherhood
-criticized idol worship
-singing of hymns was imp
-denounced caste system
-condemned ritualism, pilgrimages & fasts.
-did not consider any language sacred -> poems in language of commons.
features of bhakti movement?
-monotheism
-beleived in freedom from the cycle
of life and death i.e. salvation
–gurus can act as guides
-universal brotherhood
-criticized idol worship
-singing of hymns was imp
-denounced caste system
-condemned ritualism, pilgrimages & fasts.
-did not consider any language sacred -> poems in language of commons.
who was teacher of kabir?important part of kabir’s teaching?
-kabir supposed to have 2 teachers 1)Hindu ->Ramananda 2) muslim -> Shaikh Taqi.
- give up on polytheism
- ridiculed show off of money & possessions
- hated rituals
Area of influence of ravidas’s teaching?
why ravidas’s poem are imp?
who is his teacher?
1) regions of Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
2) his poem included in guru granth sahib
3) his teacher ramananda
who founded sikh religion?sikhism focused on what?
- guru nanak dev ji
- it focused on oneness of god & strict adherence to morality.
What is granth sahib?what is adi granth?
-Guru Govind Singh was the last guru. After him the Granth Sahib was considered the guru -> incorporates teachings of its other gurus, incorporates the writings of many Bhakti poets and Sufi saints such as Ramananda, Namadeva, Kabir and Sheikh Farid.
-the teachings of Guru Nank is the
Adi Granth.
what was location of chaitanya?what was his concern?
- bengal
- it was to exalt the superiority of Krishna over all other deities. It was, in other words, a revivalist, not a syncretic movement
Namdeva’s teachings were formed in? why are they important?
- ‘Abhangas’
- he travelled to punjab -> his teachings included in guru granth sahib
Chaitanya of Bengal belonged to which
philosophical school?
Madhavacharya a chief advocate of Dvaita school of vedhanta
what was ramananda’s philosophical thought?
which deities his doctrine loved?
his imp students?
- of Ramanuja’s philosophical thought
- preached vaishnavism
- loved ram & sita
- ravidas,kabir
mirabai belonged to which region?worshipped whom?
- belonged to rajsthan
- worshipped krishna
Sur das was in court of which sultan? what was he known as? who was his guru? subject of his poem? His popular works are ?
- Akbar
- blind bard of Agra
- Vallabhacharya -> preached vaishnaivism -> founder of Pushtimarga (way of grace)
- Lord krishna
- Sur Sagar, Sur Saravali and Sahitya Lahari
what is subject of sur sagar?
Lord Krishna from the birth to the departure for Mathura.
where was tukaram born?
near poona
bhakti movement provided way of salvation to whom?
women & members of lower strata
summary
-protest and resistance of Jains and
Buddhists to the authority of Orthodox Vedic religion by making religion accessible to all, without caste or gender bias
-persecution of Jains and Buddhists by
Saivites with royal patronage -> conflict started with pallava period
-transformation of Vedic religion while
conflicting with Jainism and Buddhism -> mhnje vedic religion ne pan swatala change kela
who is founder of chishti order?it’s division in further 3 types?
PS:Order aka silsila
- Muinuddin chishti
1) Jamaluddin -> popular in jalandhar region
2) Nizamuddin auliya -> contemporary to Alaudding khalji,ghiyasudding tughlaq & mohammad bin tughlaq
3) Alauddin sabir -> follower abdul qudus -> contemporary to ibrahim lodhi & babar
because of which chishti saint rice bowl & wheat bowl came in existence?
Chishti saint shaikh fariduddin -> in punjab,haryana region.
one of his follower went to bengal -> repeated same process using bengal & it became wheat bowl.
who was founder of Suhrawardiyya order of sufi? was contemporary to whom?
Bahauddin Zakariyya
- contemporary to iltumish
- believed in power & money -> popular in gujrat
Firdausia order/silsila developed in which region?which famous bhakti saint is considered to belong to this order?
popular in jaunpur/bihar region
-kabir
which famous prince followed Qadiriyya order?
Dara shikoh,brother of aurangzeb
Shattariyya order popular in which region?
- popular in bihar/jaunpur region
- take tantrism in account
- gave parallel to om -> rab
Which saint of naqshbandi order came to india?during whose reign?what is their philosophy
PYQ:Kabir & ahmad sirhindi
- kwhaja baki billa came to india -> during akbar’s reign
- billa had follower -> sheikh ahmad sirhindi
- philo : Wahadat-ul-sudud ->meaning only islam(orthodox)
what were 3 major types of sufi literature?what is their content?
- Tazhkhira i.e. anthology : mystical
- malfuzat : philosophical conversations,dialogues
- premakhyan : romantic -> written in local languages
