Chapter 14: The Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

General

Answer 1

Widespread

Question 2

Special

Answer 2

Local

Question 3

Somatic Sensory

Answer 3

General: skin and body walls, touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception
Special: hearing, equilibrium, vision, smell

Question 4

Visceral Sensory

Answer 4

General: stretch, temperature, chemical changes, nausea, and hunger
Special: taste

Question 5

Somatic Motor or Voluntary Motor

Answer 5

General: motor innervation of all skeletal muscles

Question 6

Visceral Motor or Involuntary motor

Answer 6

General: motor innervation of smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
Autonomic Nervous System
-Parasympathetic Division
-Sympathetic Division

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

Presynaptic Cell: transmits the signal
Postsynaptic Cell: receives the signal
Synaptic Cleft: space between the presynaptic cell and the postsynaptic cell

Question 8

Cranial Nerves

Answer 8

• Exit directly from skull
• There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, which are labeled with Roman numerals
• Some bring in afferent information from sense organs
• Other nerves send efferent signals out to effector organs, such as muscles, gland and organs

Question 9

CN I

Answer 9

Olfactory- sense of smell

Question 10

CN II

Answer 10

Optic- sense of vision

Question 11

CN III

Answer 11

Oculomotor: “eye mover: moves eyeball in orbit

Question 12

CN IV

Answer 12

Trochlear-eye movement

Question 13

CN V

Answer 13

Trigeminal-“threefold” has 3 major branches; provides sensory innervation to face and motor innervation to chewing muscles

Question 14

CN VI

Answer 14

Abducens: abducts the eyeball alterally

Question 15

CN VII

Answer 15

Facial: innervates the muscle of facial impression

Question 16

CN VIII

Answer 16

Vestibulocochlear: “auditory nerve: sensory nerve of hearing and equilibrium

Question 17

CN IX

Answer 17

Glossopharyngeal: tongue and pharynx innervations

Question 18

CN X

Answer 18

Vagus: “vagabond or wanderer” innervates structures in thorax and abdomen. Responsible for parasympathetic stimulation

Question 19

CN XI

Answer 19

Accessory: spinal motor accessory nerve to the vagus

Question 20

CN XII

Answer 20

Hypoglossal: “below the tongue” innervates the tongue muscle

Question 21

Spinal Nerves

Answer 21

• emerge from vertebral column along its entire length
• spinal cord does not reach into the lumbar region; stops at track
• instead nerves branch out from spinal cord and travel down the vertebral column to the point where they exit
• named based on the region of the spine where they originate

Question 22

Cervical Spinal Nerves

Answer 22

emerge from the spinal cord region of the neck and they innervate the head, neck, arms, hands, and diaphragm

Question 23

Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Answer 23

emerge from the spinal cord in the chest region, and innervate the intercostal muscles, and the heart

Question 24

The lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves

Answer 24

emerge in the lower back and pelves and innervate