Chapter 14 Terms Flashcards
Type I Hypersensitivity
- Immediate Hypersensitivity or Allergic Reactions
- These reactions are rapid, occuring within minutes of exposure to an antigen, & always involve IgE-mediated degtranulation of basophils or mast cells.
Inflammation
A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
Type II Hypersensitivity
Initiated by the binding of antibody to a cell membrane or to the extracellular matrix.
Type III Hypersensitivity
- Arthus Reactions
- Involve the interaction of antibodies with soluble molecules to make soluble antigen-antibody complexes that become deposited in tissues.
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Cells of the immune system directly attack host cells in the absence of antibody.
Type IV Hypersensitivity include:
- Contact dermatitis (CD)
- Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH)
- Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) [caused by CD8+ t cells]
Allergens
Some individuals develop IgE antibodies in response to relatively harmless environmental antigens
Asthma
A common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm.
Anaphylaxis
- “Against Protection”
- Clinical shock syndrome is characterized by vascular smooth muscle constriction (vasoconstriction) combined with gap formation between adjacent capillary endothelial cells (vasodilation) that results in severe fluid loss & leads to shock.
Shock
A life-threatening medical condition of low blood perfusion to tissues resulting in cellular injury and inadequate tissue function.
Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC)
- Complement independent but requires the cooperation of leukocytes.
- FcR-Bearing cells bind to cells that have IgG or IgM antibodies bound to surface epitopes on a cell.
Systemic Immune Complex Disease
- Serum Sickness
- Occurs with the wide dissemination of antigen-antibody complexes throughout the body.
Exogenous Antigens
Exogenous antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and processed into fragments.
Endogenous Antigens
Unlike exogenous antigens, continually produced endogenus antigens are responsible for chronic antgen exposure, chronic immunization, & prolonged immune-complex disease.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
A systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease) in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue.
