Chapter 14: Substance Use And Addiction Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Physical dependence

A

Need for increasing amounts of substance to produce the desired effects

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2
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Overwhelming desire to repeat the use of a particular drug to produce pleasure or avoid discomfort

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3
Q

Substance addiction

A

Use of the substance with ability to fulfill role obligations

Attempts to cut down/control use fail

Intense craving for the substance

Excessive amount of time spent trying to procure the substance or recover from its use

Engage in hazardous activities when impaired by the substance

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4
Q

——- causes the person difficulty with interpersonal relationships or to become socially isolated

A

Substance abuse

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5
Q

_____ develops and the amount required to achieve the desired effect increases

A

Tolerance

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6
Q

_____ occur upon discontinuation of use

A

Substance-specific symptoms

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7
Q

Substance induced disorders

A

> Substance intoxication

Substance withdrawal

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8
Q

Addiction is

A

> Chronic

Stigmatized

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9
Q

Substance intoxication

A

Development of a reversible syndrome of symptoms following excessive use of a substance

Direct effects on the CNS

Disruption in physical and psychological functioning

Judgement is disturbed and social and occupational functioning is impaired

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10
Q

Substance withdrawal

A

Development of symptoms that occurs upon abrupt reduction or discontinuation of a substance that has been used

Symptoms are specific to the substance that had been used

Disruption in physical and psychological functioning

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11
Q

Classes of Psychoactive Substances

A

Alcohol
Caffeine
Cannabis
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Opioids
Sedatives/hypnotics
Stimulants
Tobacco

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12
Q

People can’t fake…

A

Tremor on tongue

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13
Q

Predisposing factors

A

> Biological factors
Psychological factors
Sociocultural factors

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14
Q

Biological factors: Genetics

A

Apparent hereditary factor, particularly w/ alcoholism

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15
Q

Biological factors: Biochemical

A

Alcohol may produce morphine-like substances in the brain that are responsible for alcohol addiction

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16
Q

Psychological factors: Personality factors

A

Certain personality traits are thought to increase a tendency toward addictive behavior

17
Q

Psychological factors: Cognitive factors

A

Irrational thinking patterns have long been identified as a problem that is central in addiction

18
Q

Sociocultural factors: Social learning

A

> Children and adolescents are more likely to sue substances w/ parents who provide models for substance use also with peer groups

19
Q

Sociocultural factors: Conditioning

A

Pleasurable effects from substance use act as a positive reinforcement for continued use of substance

20
Q

Sociocultural factors: Cultural and ethnic influences

A

Some cultures are more prone to substance abuse than others

21
Q

Alcohol use disorder: Patterns of use, Phase 1

A

Pre-alcoholic phase: Characterized by use if alcohol to relives everyday stress and tension of life

22
Q

Alcohol use disorder: Patterns of use, Phase 2

A

Early alcoholic phase: Begins with blackouts-brief periods of amnesia that occurs during or immediately following periods of drinking; alcohol is not required by the person

23
Q

Alcohol use disorder: Patterns of use, Phase 3

A

The crucial phase: Person has lost control; physiological dependence is clearly evident

24
Q

Alcohol use disorder: Patterns of use, Phase 4

A

The chronic phase: emotional and physical disintegration. The person usually intoxicated more often than sober

25
Peripheral nerve damage s/s
> Pain Burning Tingling Prickly sensations of the extremities
26
Alcoholic myopathy
Thought to result from same B vitamin deficiency that contributes to peripheral neuropathy
27
Acute alcoholic myopathy
Sudden onset of muscle pain, swelling and weakness, reddish tinge to the urine, rapid rise in muscle enzymes in the blood
28
Chronic alcoholic myopathy
Gradual wasting and weakness in skeletal muscles
29
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Most serious form of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics
30
Korsakoff’s psychosis
Syndrome of confusion, loss of recent memory, and confabulation in alcoholics
31
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
Effects of alcohol on the heart is an accumulation of lipids in the myocardial cells, resulting in enlargement and weakened condition
32
Effects of alcohol on the body
>Esophagitis Gastritis Alcohol-associated Pancreatitis Alcohol-associated hepatitis Cirrhosis of the liver Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Sexual Dysfunction Fetal alcohol syndrome
33
Alcohol intoxication
Occurs at blood alcohol levels between 100-200 mg/dL (alcohol poisoning= above 200)
34
Alcohol withdrawal
Occurs within 4-12 hrs of cessation of or reduction in heavy and prolonged alcohol use
35
Sedative/hypnotic use disorder
> Barbiturates Nonbarbiturate hypnotics Anti anxiety agents Club drugs
36
Sedative/hypnotic intoxication
With these central nervous system (CNS) depressants Effects can range from disinhibition and aggressiveness to coma and death (with increasing dosages of the drug).
37
Sedative/hypnotic withdrawal
Onset of symptoms depends on the half life of the drug from which the person is withdrawing
38
Stimulant use disorder patterns of use: Effects on the body
CNS effects Cardiovascular effects Pulmonary effects Gastrointestinal and renal effects Sexual functioning