Chapter 14 Personality Review

Question 1

Which part of the personality structure strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Defense mechanisms 
D. Superego

Answer 1

A. Id

Question 2

During which psychosexual stage are sexual feelings dormant?

Answer 2

Latency

Question 3

Which defense mechanism is characterized by disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others?

Answer 3

Projection

Question 4

Which psychoanalyst believed that much of behavior is driven by efforts to conquer feelings of childhood inferiority?

Answer 4

Alfred Adler

Question 5

The attitude of total acceptance toward another person is called (a):

Answer 5

unconditional positive regard.

Question 6

Which of the following would be considered a projective test of personality?

Answer 6

Rorschach inkblot test

Question 7

Which Big Five factor measures emotional stability versus instability?

Answer 7

Neuroticism

Question 8

What are the Big Five?

Answer 8

Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Openness
Extraversion

Question 9

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment is called (the):

Answer 9

reciprocal determinism.

Question 10

The center of personality is considered (the):

Answer 10

self.

Question 11

In comparing the major personality theories, which argues that our behavior in one situation is best predicted by considering our past behavior in similar situations?

Answer 11

Social-cognitive

Question 12

Helen has had a terrible day at work. She cannot tell her boss off, so she goes home and yells at her husband instead. This would be an example of:
A. Displacement 
B. Rationalization 
C. Denial
D. Regression

Answer 12

A. Displacement

Question 13

Clark’s personality is both sociable/outgoing and easy going/carefree. Which two axes would characterize his traits?

Answer 13

Stable - extraverted

Question 14

MaryAnn is about to try snowboarding for the first time. She has done well skiing before and believes she we perform exceptionally. MaryAnn has (a):
A. high self-efficacy. 
B. low-self-esteem. 
C. high self-esteem. 
D. self-serving bias.

Answer 14

A. high self-efficacy.

Question 15

Adolescents are often self-conscious, feeling that they are often ridiculed, as they adopt their own identity. Which of the following would they most likely be experiencing?
A. High self-esteem 
B. Spotlight effect 
C. Narcissism
D. High self-efficacy

Answer 15

B. Spotlight effect

Question 16

Jonathan brags about his amazing driving skills as inborn talent, yet discounts the accident her got into last week as the other driver’s fault. This is an example of (the):
A. spotlight effect. 
B. self-efficacy.
C. self-serving bias. 
D. narcissism.

Answer 16

C. self-serving bias.

Question 17

Psychodynamic Perspective?

Answer 17

• Based of Freud

- believe behaviour is a dynamic interaction between the conscious and unconscious mind

Question 18

Humanistic Perspective?

Answer 18

Inner capacities for growth and self-fulfilment

Question 19

What do Trait Theories do?

Answer 19

Examine characteristic patterns of behaviour

Question 20

What do Social-Cognitive Theories do?

Answer 20

Explore interaction between people’s traits (including thinking) and their social context

Question 21

How did Freud treat psychological disorders?

Answer 21

Decided disorders that had no clear physical explanation were reflecting unacceptable thoughts and feelings (unconscious).
-Used Free Association and dream analysis

Question 22

What was Freud’s view of personality?

Answer 22

• 3 structures of mind:
  1. id (Unconscious- strives to have basic needs met)
  2. superego (both un/conscious - aware of morally and socially acceptable
  3. ego (both - tries to find balance)

Freud believed personality disorders derive from different struggles we each experience with our id, superego and ego

Question 23

What are Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 23

1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic - boys develop OEDIPUS complex and girl ELECTRA complex where they sexually desired parent of the opposit sex until they learned to give in and identify with same sex parent
4. Latency
5. Genital

Question 24

According to Freud, how did the ego protect itself?

Answer 24

repression, denial, displacement, projection and other defense mechanisms

Question 25

How did humanistic psychologists view personality?

Answer 25

focused on the potential for healthy personal growth and people’s striving for self-determination and self realization

Question 26

What did Abraham Maslow propose about personality?

Answer 26

Maslow proposed that human motivations form a hierarchy of needs; if basic needs are fulfilled, people will strive toward self-actualization and self -transcendence

Question 27

What did Carl Rogers believe about personality?

Answer 27

Believed that the ingredients of a growth promoting environment are genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.
Self-concept was a central feature of personality for both Maslow and Rogers