Chapter 14 Personality Review Flashcards
Which part of the personality structure strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives? A. Id B. Ego C. Defense mechanisms D. Superego
A. Id
During which psychosexual stage are sexual feelings dormant?
Latency
Which defense mechanism is characterized by disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others?
Projection
Which psychoanalyst believed that much of behavior is driven by efforts to conquer feelings of childhood inferiority?
Alfred Adler
The attitude of total acceptance toward another person is called (a):
unconditional positive regard.
Which of the following would be considered a projective test of personality?
Rorschach inkblot test
Which Big Five factor measures emotional stability versus instability?
Neuroticism
What are the Big Five?
Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness Extraversion
The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment is called (the):
reciprocal determinism.
The center of personality is considered (the):
self.
In comparing the major personality theories, which argues that our behavior in one situation is best predicted by considering our past behavior in similar situations?
Social-cognitive
Helen has had a terrible day at work. She cannot tell her boss off, so she goes home and yells at her husband instead. This would be an example of: A. Displacement B. Rationalization C. Denial D. Regression
A. Displacement
Clark’s personality is both sociable/outgoing and easy going/carefree. Which two axes would characterize his traits?
Stable - extraverted
MaryAnn is about to try snowboarding for the first time. She has done well skiing before and believes she we perform exceptionally. MaryAnn has (a): A. high self-efficacy. B. low-self-esteem. C. high self-esteem. D. self-serving bias.
A. high self-efficacy.
Adolescents are often self-conscious, feeling that they are often ridiculed, as they adopt their own identity. Which of the following would they most likely be experiencing? A. High self-esteem B. Spotlight effect C. Narcissism D. High self-efficacy
B. Spotlight effect
Jonathan brags about his amazing driving skills as inborn talent, yet discounts the accident her got into last week as the other driver’s fault. This is an example of (the): A. spotlight effect. B. self-efficacy. C. self-serving bias. D. narcissism.
C. self-serving bias.
Psychodynamic Perspective?
- Based of Freud
- believe behaviour is a dynamic interaction between the conscious and unconscious mind
Humanistic Perspective?
Inner capacities for growth and self-fulfilment
What do Trait Theories do?
Examine characteristic patterns of behaviour
What do Social-Cognitive Theories do?
Explore interaction between people’s traits (including thinking) and their social context
How did Freud treat psychological disorders?
Decided disorders that had no clear physical explanation were reflecting unacceptable thoughts and feelings (unconscious).
-Used Free Association and dream analysis
What was Freud’s view of personality?
- 3 structures of mind:
1. id (Unconscious- strives to have basic needs met)
2. superego (both un/conscious - aware of morally and socially acceptable
3. ego (both - tries to find balance)
Freud believed personality disorders derive from different struggles we each experience with our id, superego and ego
What are Freud’s psychosexual stages?
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic - boys develop OEDIPUS complex and girl ELECTRA complex where they sexually desired parent of the opposit sex until they learned to give in and identify with same sex parent
- Latency
- Genital
According to Freud, how did the ego protect itself?
repression, denial, displacement, projection and other defense mechanisms
How did humanistic psychologists view personality?
focused on the potential for healthy personal growth and people’s striving for self-determination and self realization
What did Abraham Maslow propose about personality?
Maslow proposed that human motivations form a hierarchy of needs; if basic needs are fulfilled, people will strive toward self-actualization and self -transcendence
What did Carl Rogers believe about personality?
Believed that the ingredients of a growth promoting environment are genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.
Self-concept was a central feature of personality for both Maslow and Rogers
