Chapter 13: Social Psychology (unit 3) Flashcards
What is the attribution theory?
The theory is that we explain someone’s behaviour by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
What do social psychologists do?
Use scientific methods to study how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.
-They study the social influences that explain why the same person will act differently in different situations
What is the definition of attitude?
Feelings often influenced by her beliefs that predisposes to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
Our attitudes influence our actions.
What is peripheral route persuasion?
Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as the speakers attractiveness.
What is central route persuasion?
Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favourable thoughts.
-because it is more thoughtful and the superficial, this form of persuasion is more durable
What is the foot in the door phenomenon?
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
- works best if there is some amount of time, such as several days, between the first small request and the second large request
- make sure that the first small request is almost certainly something the person will regularly agree to
How do our actions affect our attitudes?
We tend to stand up for what we believe in, or act in ways congruent with our beliefs.
When we do so, our attitudes are strengthened.
What is cognitive dissonance?
Tension we feel when our attitudes and actions clash.
-When we experience cognitive dissonance we change our attitudes to bring them in line with our actions
What is conformity?
Adjusting our behaviour or thinking to coincide with the group standard.
What is a normative social influence?
Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
Might not necessarily believe that others are correct, we may simply want to be like or avoid being punished
What is informational social influence?
Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others opinions about reality.
- we follow others because we think that they have accurate knowledge.
- we have a faith that they are right and we want to be right as well
What was the Asch experiment?
Told to identify which line was the longest, or closest to the length of another line
What is obedience?
Like conformity, obedience means that we have adjusted our behaviours and beliefs to a group standard, but in this case, we have done so simply because we’ve been told to do so by someone in a position of authority
What is the Stanley Milgram experiment?
Teacher and student. Teacher has to shock students when they get the answers wrong.
What are 4 factors that affect obedience?
- Remoteness of the victim: if the person being harmed is out of sight, obedience is greater.
- Legitimacy of the authority figure: if a person wears a uniform or lab coat, or claims to be a pro presenter of a prestigious organization, obedience increases
- Proximity of the authority figure: if authority figure is physically present, obedience increases
- Cog in a wheel: when someone else does the actual physical harm, obedience increases
What are five ways that we are influenced by the presence of others?
- Social Facilitation
- Social Loafing
- Deindividuation
- Group Polarization
- Groupthink
What is social facilitation?
Improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others.