Chapter 14 Parasitism and Mutualism

Question 1

Symbiosis

Answer 1

Intimate and protracted association between two or more organisms of different species.

Question 2

Micro parasites

Answer 2

small and numerous like bacteria and virueses, multiply in host, intracellular and hard to count

Question 3

Macro parasites

Answer 3

grow but don’t multiply in hosts, live between tissues on hosts: tapeworms/ticks/flukes

Question 4

Endo parasites

Answer 4

live within host

Question 5

Ecto parasite

Answer 5

live on skin of host with protective cover of feathers hair and scales

Question 6

Direct and indirect transmission of parasites

Answer 6

direct occurs between two host organisms/ indirect can involve intermediate organisms called vectors

Question 7

Vector

Answer 7

intermediate organisms the parasites travel on

Question 8

Influence of parasitism on the relative fitness of host organisms

Answer 8

decreased fitness

Question 9

Obligate mutualism

Answer 9

form of mutualism where they can’t survive and/or reproduce without the mutualistic interaction

Question 10

Rhizobium bacteria

Answer 10

infect the root system and form nodules which allows a mutually beneficially association where the bacteria provide the plant with nitrogen while the bacteria is provided carbon from the plant (energy)…sometimes this isn’t worth it for plants that need that carbon for plant growth… LEGUMES IN HIGH NITROGEN ENVIRONMENTS DON’T NEED THE BACTERIA

Question 11

Mycorrhizal fungi –

Answer 11

fungi that expands rooting network… these help plants in lower nutrient available situations

Question 12

Cleaning mutualism

Answer 12

mutualism where one organism cleans the other… usually eats whats on the other one

Question 13

Mutualism in pollination systems

Answer 13

bees pollinate plants and help them reproduce while retrieving nectar which is useful for the bee… nectar is solely for attracting pollinating animals

Question 14

Mutualism in seed dispersal systems

Answer 14

seeds being yummy