Chapter 10 Life History

Question 1

Life history

Answer 1

llifetime pattern of growth, development and reproduction

Question 2

Costs and benefits of reproduction

Answer 2

there is a tradeoff between the resource allocation for personal growth and resources for reproduction!

Question 3

Costs and benefits associated with age at maturity

Answer 3

• the primary fitness advantage of delaying maturity is the larger initial body size obtained by individuals when they first reproduce.
• The primary cost of delaying reproduction (late maturity) is the increased risk of death prior to reproduction

Question 4

How patterns of adult and juvenile mortality can influence evolution of age at maturity

Answer 4

Decreases in the ratio of adult/juvenile survival (low survival for adults relative to juveniles) appear to favor reductions in age at maturity

Question 5

Reproductive allocation

Answer 5

tradeoff between current and future reproduction

Question 6

Monogamy

Answer 6

formation of a pair between one male and one female

Question 7

Polygamy

Answer 7

the acquisition by an individual of two or more mates

Question 8

Polygyny

Answer 8

individual male, pairs with two or more females

Question 9

Polyandry

Answer 9

individual female, pairs with two or more males

Question 10

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 10

2 DISTINCT SEXES! MALE AND FEMALE.. NOT ONE

Question 11

Intrasexual selection

Answer 11

• competition for the opportunity to mate (HIGH PRESSURE)

- intra is inside sex

Question 12

Intersexual selection (mate selection)

Answer 12

differential attractiveness of one sex to another (LOW PRESSURE LOTS OF
CHOICE)

-inter is between sex

Question 13

Tradeoff in Size and Number of offspring

Answer 13

more quanity small offspring…

or less quanitity bigger offspring

Question 14

R strategy animal

Answer 14

small body size, short-lived, fast growth rate, early reproductive development, large number of offspring (but low survival rate), and minimal parental care.

Question 15

K strategy animal

Answer 15

larger body size, longer-lived, slower growth rate, delayed reproduction, fewer offspring, and developed parental care

Question 16

Semeloparous NEED TO KNOW

Answer 16

an organism that sacrifices all its prospects by expending all its energy in one suicidal act of reproduction

Question 17

Iteroparous need to know

Answer 17

organisms that produce more than once over their lifetime

Question 18

S plant strategy

Answer 18

STRESS TOLERANT, delayed maturity, longterm energy storage and low growth

Question 19

Darwinian Demon

Answer 19

reproduces as soon as possible after birth, reproducing continuously, producing LLARGE numbers of LARGE offspring that it will nurture and protect

Question 20

Asexual vs sexual pros and cons

Answer 20

Asexual pro: all organisms are well adapted to local environment

Asexual con: if environmental factors change, the whole population can easily be whiped out due to lack of diversity in the population for handle different situations

sexual pro: more likely to survivie environmental changes

sexual con: much more costtly in energy to be sexual cuz of LOTS OF PROCESSES

Question 21

Relaltionship between body size and fecundity?

Answer 21

Direct Correlation. Bigger adults will produce more … at risk of death for being alive longer tho

Question 22

Fecundity

Answer 22

of offspring produced per unit of time

Question 23

In wet environment, which is smarter to have bigger seeds or smaller seeds?

Answer 23

Smaller + MORE SEEDS, because all the seeds are able to be germinated cuz of abundance of water.

IN DRYNESS, BIGGER SEADS AND LESS SEEDS ARE BETTER DUE TO RETENTION OF WATER

ideal is LOTS of big seeds but that takes more energy

Question 24

Which strategist is closest to carrying capacity?

Answer 24

K … meaning they are poor colonizers of new habitants because their rate of growth is sloooww

Question 25

“Disturbance” meaning for plant strategists

Answer 25

disturbances like storms…

Ruderals (OR R) love to populated disturbed areas

Stress tolerant (or S) like to populate stressed environments with little resources

C means high resource and low disturbance, making it suitable for LOTS of competition