Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea Flashcards
Law of segregation (Mendel’s 1st law)
If 2 alleles separate during gamete formation, they end up in different gametes
Dihybrid Cross
Mating between to orgs who are heterozygous for two traits
Cross between 2 pure bred orgs for two characters
4 Concepts of Mendel’s Model
- alternative versions of genes account for variations in in hearted characters
- for each character, an org inherits 2 alleles (one from each parent)
- If there are two alleles, the dominant one will be expressed
- If 2 alleles separate during gamete formation, they end up in different gametes (law of segregation)
Test cross
When you cross a homozygous recessive organism with one of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype
Pleiotropy
When one gene affects multiple things/has multiple, unrelated effects
Gene
Hereditary determinant for a trait
Multiplication rule
Probability of two or more events occurring TOGETHER is the product of their individual probabilities
Particulate Theory
Mendel’s idea that parents pass on discrete, heritable units (genes)
Character
Heritable feature that varies among individuals
Reciprocal cross???
Cross where the phenotypes of the male and female are reversed compared with prior cross
Law of Independent Assortment (Mendel’s 2nd law)
The idea that inheritance of one allele doesn’t necessary effect inheritance of another
Unless they’re on the same, homologous chromosome (genes located near each other tend to get inherited together)
Trait
Each variant for a character
Any characteristic of an individual
Co-dominance
Type of degree of dominance like blood type
Allele
Different versions of the same gene
Variations on the same kind of gene
Polymorphic trait
Appears commonly in two or more different forms (like flat or wrinkled seeds)