Chapter 1: Themes in the Study of Life

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Fundamental organizing principle of biology

Process of change/adaptation over time

Question 2

Biology

Answer 2

Scientific study of life

Question 3

Biological Organization

Answer 3

Levels of biological study/inquiry that transition from macro to micro

Has 10 levels: biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organism, organs/organ systems, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, [atoms]

Question 4

(Some) properties of living things

Answer 4

Order/organization
Regulation
Evolutionary adaptation
Reproduction
Growth/development
Response to environment

Question 5

Emergent Properties

Answer 5

Properties of each level of biological organization

Novel properties “emerge” at each step as you transition from micro to macro/ increase complexity of interactions between the parts of the respective systems

Question 6

System

Answer 6

Series of components that function together

Question 7

Systems Biology

Answer 7

Seeks to model dynamic bx of systems by studying the interactions of the system’s parts

Question 8

Biological Organization: Biosphere

Answer 8

all life on earth and all places where life exists

Question 9

Biological Organization: Ecosystem

Answer 9

All the living things in a particular area and all the non living things (like soil) that they interact with

Question 10

Biological Organization: Communities

Answer 10

Array of organism inhabiting a particular ecosystem

Question 11

Biological Organization: Populations

Answer 11

all the members of a species living within the bounds of a specific area

Question 12

Biological Organization: Organisms

Answer 12

all living things

Question 13

Biological Organization: Organs and Organ Systems

Answer 13

Part of an organism that has a specific/self-contained structure and serves a vital function to an organism

Made of tissues

Question 14

Biological Organization: Tissue

Answer 14

Groups of (the same) cells that perform a specific function

Question 15

Biological Organization: Cells

Answer 15

Fundamental unit of structure and function for life

Question 16

Biological Organization: Organelles

Answer 16

Functional components of cells

Question 17

Biological Organization: Molecules

Answer 17

Chemical structures made of atoms

Question 18

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 18

keep their DNA in a nucleus and organelles contained within separate membranes

plant, fungus, animalia

Question 19

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 19

All their innards are just floating around inside the cell.

They do NOT keep their DNA in a nucleus nor do they contain their organelles within separate membranes

Bacteria and archaea

Question 20

Gene Expression

Answer 20

The process by which the info inside a gene directs the production of cellular proteins

Question 21

Genomics

Answer 21

The study of whole sets of genes

Question 22

Bioinformatics

Answer 22

use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze huge volumes of data from high throughput methods

Question 23

Inductive reasoning

Answer 23

Gathering and analyzing observations to lead to important conclusion

Question 24

Deductive reasoning

Answer 24

Extrapolation of specific results from a general premise

If this, then that

Question 25

Model organism

Answer 25

Lab rats, guinea pigs, lab models, etc.

Question 26

Technology

Answer 26

Any device or method that applies scientific knowledge to affect society

Question 27

3 Observations on Which Natural Selection is Based

Answer 27

1. Organisms in a population have varied traits
2. Organisms make way more babies than can survive to reproduce for themselves = competition
3. Organisms can adapt to environment over time

Question 28

Decent with modification

Answer 28

What Darwin also called natural selection

Question 29

Theory

Answer 29

Has been “proven”, “has broad explanatory power” and has a broader scope than a hypothesis