Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle

Question 1

Cell Reproduction

Answer 1

ability of an organism to make more of its own kind

Question 2

Cell cycle

Answer 2

life of a cell from formation to its own division

Question 3

Reproduction

Answer 3

Process of giving rise to another organism

Question 4

Cell division: prokaryotic and single celled orgs

Answer 4

used for reproduction (by dividing to give rise to another organism)

Question 5

Cell division: eukaryotic and multicellular orgs

Answer 5

used for:
development
growth
repair

Question 6

Types of cell division

Answer 6

Binary Fission
Mitosis
Meiosis

Question 7

Cell division: binary fission

Answer 7

plasma membrane pinches inward, dividing, results in genetically identical dgt cells

Bacteria and archaea do it

Question 8

Cell division: mitosis

Answer 8

results in genetically identical dgt cells

Question 9

Cell division: meiosis

Answer 9

results in 2 dgt cells which each only have half of the parent cell’s genetic material

Question 10

Gamete

Answer 10

sperm and egg cells

have half the chromosomes as a somatic/parent cells

Question 11

Genome

Answer 11

all DNA in a cell

Question 12

Somatic cells

Answer 12

nonproductive cells; have two sets of chromosomes

Question 13

centromere

Answer 13

Narrow “waist” of the chromosome

Question 14

Cell cycle phases (5)

Answer 14

Interphase

Mitotic (M) phase

Question 15

Cell cycle phases: Interphase

Answer 15

G1 first gap
S synthesis
G2 second gap

Question 16

Cell cycle phases: Mitotic M phase

Answer 16

mitosis (division of nucleus)

cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm)

Question 17

Cell cycle phases: Mitotic M phase: Mitosis

Answer 17

Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase and cytokinesis

Question 18

kinetochores

Answer 18

protein complexes associated with centromeres

Question 19

Mitotic spindle

Answer 19

structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis

Question 20

aster

Answer 20

radial array of short microtubules

Question 21

checkpoints

Answer 21

“points” where the cell cycle stops until it receives a go-ahead signal

Question 22

3 checkpoints

Answer 22

G1
G2
M

Question 23

G0 phase

Answer 23

When a cell stops its division cycle and goes into a non dividing state

Question 24

Cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks)

Answer 24

regulatory protein involved in cell cycle control

Active during G1, S, and G2 phase, accumulating cyclin???

Question 25

Cyclin

Answer 25

regulatory protein involved in cell cycle control

Question 26

Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF)

Answer 26

cyclin-cdl complex that triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase

Question 27

Growth factors

Answer 27

external factors that influence cell division

released from certain cells to stimulate other cells to divide

Question 28

Density-dependent inhibition

Answer 28

1 of 2 mechanisms for regulating optimal density of cells

Question 29

Anchorage dependence

Answer 29

2 of 2 mechanisms for regulating optimal density of cells

Question 30

Density-dependent inhibition

Answer 30

1 of 2 mechanisms for regulating optimal density of cells

cells divide in a single layer to fill a gap, but stop dividing once the gap gets filled/crowded

Question 31

Anchorage dependence

Answer 31

2 of 2 mechanisms for regulating optimal density of cells

when cells require a surface for division/must be attached

Question 32

Cancer cells

Answer 32

May not need growth factors to divide (bc they may be able to make their own or be able to fake them)

Do not yield to regulating mechanisms

Question 33

Transformation

Answer 33

When a normal cells is turned to a cancer cell

Question 34

mitosis

Answer 34

(division of nucleus)

Question 35

cytokinesis

Answer 35

(division of cytoplasm)

Question 36

Maturation Promoting Factors (MPF)

Answer 36

cyclin -cdk complex that triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint to the M phase (in interphase)