Chapter 14 - Head, Neck, and Regional Lymphatics Flashcards
What is the function of the skull?
protection of the brain and special sense organs
Where is the frontal bone?
forehead region
Where are the parietal bones?
behind the frontal bone
Where are the temporal bones?
just above and in-front of the ears
Where is the occipital bone?
back of head, lower region
What are sutures?
meshed, immovable joints that connect cranial bones
What are fontanels?
spaces on babies skull where bone has not yet ossified
Where is the coronal suture?
crowns the head from ear to ear at the union of the frontal and parietal bones
Where is the sagittal suture?
separates the sides of the head lengthwise between the two parietal bones
Where is the lambdoid suture?
separating the parietal bones crosswise from the occipital bone
How many facial bones are there?
14
Which is the only facial bone that doesn’t articulate at a suture?
mandible (jaw)
Cervical vertebra C1 aka the _____
atlas
Cervical vertebra C2 aka the _____
axis
Where is the C7 vertebra palpable?
when the head is flexed
Which cranial nerve mediated the facial expressions?
CN VII (facial nerve)
What are palpebral fissures?
openings between the eyelids
What are nasolabial folds?
creases from nose to each corner of the mouth
Which cranial nerve mediates facial sensations of pain or touch?
CN V (trigeminal nerve)
Where are the parotid glands?
in the cheeks over the mandible and anterior to and below the ear
Which is the largest but not normally palpable salivary gland?
Parotid gland
Where is the submandibular gland located?
below mandible at the angle of the jaw
Where is the sublingual gland located?
floor of the mouth
Where is the temporal artery?
anterior to the ear
Which cranial nerve innervates the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles?
CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
Which muscle divides the neck into two triangles?
sternomastoid muscle
Where is the anterior triangle of the neck?
between sternomastoid and midline of the body, borders the mandible, apex is suprasternal notch
Where is the posterior triangle of the neck?
behind the sternomastoid and in-front of trapezius, borders clavicle
What is the role of the thyroid gland?
synthesis and secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothryonine (T3) which are hormones that stimulate cellular metabolism
Where is the cricoid cartilage located?
just above the thyroid
Where is the thyroid cartilage?
above the cricoid cartilage
Which cartilage has a palpable notch?
thyroid cartilage
Where is the hyoid bone?
high up the neck, level with the floor of the mouth
Where are the Preauricular lymph nodes?
in front of the ear
Where are the Posterior auricular lymph nodes?
superficial to the mastoid process
Where are the occipital lymph nodes?
at the base of the skull
Where are the submental lymph nodes?
midline, between the tip of the mandible
Where are the submandibular lymph nodes located?
halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible
Where are the tonsillar lymph nodes located?
under the angle of the mandible
Where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes located?
overlying the sternomastoid muscle
Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes located?
deep under the sternomastoid muscle
Where are the posterior cervical lymph nodes located?
in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius
Where are the supraclavicular lymph nodes located?
just above and behind the clavicle at the sternomastoid muscle
What is the role of lymph nodes?
filter lymph and engulf pathogens
Where are lymph node regions palpable?
-head and neck
-arms
-axillae
-inguinal region
When does the posterior fontanelle close?
1-2 months after birth
When does the anterior fontanelle close?
9 months-2 years of age
At birth, head size is _________ than chest circumference
greater
Head size reaches 90% full size at age ___
6
Lymph tissue grows to adult size by age ____
6
When does lymph tissue stop growing?
age 10-11
Lymphatic tissue slowly ________ after puberty
atrophies
Where do tension headaches usually occur?
occipital or frontal or the sensation of a band-like tightness
Where do migraines usually occur?
tend to be supraorbital, retro-orbital, or frontotemporal
Where do tension headaches usually occur?
around the eye, temple, forehead, cheek
With cluster headaches, pain is always unilateral meaning…
it is always on the same side of the head
Tension headaches are usually _______
aching
Migraines are usually __________
throbbing
How many migraines do most people get per month?
2/month
What is the common pattern for cluster headaches?
1-2/day that last .5 hr to 2 hrs for a few months followed by a remission period
