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Med Term > Chapter 14: Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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2
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

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3
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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4
Q

an/o

A

anus

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5
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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6
Q

bil/i

A

bile

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7
Q

chol/e

A

bile

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8
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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9
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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10
Q

col/o

A

colon

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11
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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12
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder or sac

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13
Q

dent/i

A

teeth

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14
Q

doch/o

A

duct

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15
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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16
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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17
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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18
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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19
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum

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20
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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21
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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22
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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23
Q

hepatic/o

A

liver

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24
Q

herni/o

A

hernia

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25
Q

ila/o

A

ileum

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26
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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27
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (empty)

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28
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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29
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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30
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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31
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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32
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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33
Q

phag/o

A

eat or swallow

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34
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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35
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus (gatekeeper)

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36
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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37
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

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38
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon (resembles s)

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39
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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40
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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41
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

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42
Q

aphagia

A

inability to swallow

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43
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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44
Q

buccal

A

in the cheek

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45
Q

constipation

A

infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass

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46
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent loose or liquid stools

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47
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion

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48
Q

dysphasgia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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49
Q

eructation

A

belch (burp)

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50
Q

flatulence

A

gas in the stomach or intestines (fart)

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51
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

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52
Q

hematochezia

A

red blood on the stool

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53
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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54
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

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55
Q

hyperbilirubnemia

A

excessive level of bilirubin in the blood

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56
Q

icterus

A

yellow discoloration of the skin because of excessive bilirubin

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57
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin because of excessive bilirubin

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58
Q

melena

A

dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

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59
Q

nausea

A

sick in the stomach

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60
Q

steatorrhea

A

feces containing fat

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61
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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62
Q

hypoglossal

A

under the tongue

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63
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

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64
Q

sialoadenitis

A

inflammation of a salivary gland

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65
Q

parotitis

A

inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps

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66
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lip

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67
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

68
Q

ankyloglossia

A

tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum

69
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

70
Q

esphageal varices

A

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

71
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

72
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

73
Q

gastroesophageal reflux diease

A

back-flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus

74
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowed condition of the lylorus

75
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, and any other part of the stomach system exposed to gastric juices

76
Q

gastric ulcer

A

ulcer located in the stomach

77
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

ulcer located in the duodenum

78
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

79
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

80
Q

ileitis

A

inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

81
Q

colitis

A

inflammation the colon

82
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulceration

83
Q

diverticulum

A

an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

84
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the bowel

85
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of diverticula

86
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation od the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused bacteria.

87
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

88
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a part from its normal location

89
Q

hiatal

A

protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm

90
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrsion of a loop of the intestine through layers of abdominal wall in the inguinal region

91
Q

intussuception

A

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the mumen of the adjoining part

92
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

93
Q

polyposis

A

multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential

94
Q

polyp

A

tumor on a stalk

95
Q

proctits

A

inflammation of the rectum and anus

96
Q

anal fistula

A

abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum

97
Q

hemorrhoid

A

swollen, twisted vein in the anal region

98
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

99
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

100
Q

hepatitis A

A

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

101
Q

hepatitis B

A

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

102
Q

hepatitis C

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepeatits C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood

103
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease characterized degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or nutritional deficiency

104
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile ducts

105
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

106
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of stomes in the gallbladder of bile ducts

107
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

presence of stones in the common bile duct

108
Q

pancreatits

A

inflammation of the pancreas

109
Q

endoscopy

A

exam within the body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment used to detect abnormalities and perform procedures

110
Q

esophagoscopy

A

exam of the esophagus with an esophagoscope

111
Q

gastroscopy

A

exam of the stomach with a gastroscope

112
Q

upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

exam of the lining of the esophagus. stomach, and duodenum with a endoscope.

113
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangippancreatography (ERCP)

A

endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

114
Q

laparpscopy

A

exam of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope-including interventional surgical procedures

115
Q

peritoneoscopy

A

exam of the peritoneal cavity with a peritoneoscope; to perform an exam to the liver

116
Q

capsule endoscopy

A

exam of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and swallowed

117
Q

colonoscopy

A

exam of the colon using a flexible colonoscope

118
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

exam of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope

119
Q

proctoscopy

A

exam of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope

120
Q

magnetic resonance image of the abdomen

A

non-ionizing imaging technique for visualizing the abdominal cavity to identify disease or deformity in the gastrointestinal tract

121
Q

nuclear medicine

A

radionuclide organ imaging

122
Q

radiography

A

xray imaging

123
Q

barium swallow

A

xray of the esophagus only

124
Q

fluoroscopy

A

xray using a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion

125
Q

small bowel series

A

xray exam of the small intestine

126
Q

lower GI series barium enema

A

xray of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium

127
Q

cholangiogram

A

xray of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery

128
Q

cholecystogram

A

xray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine

129
Q

computes tomography (CT) of the abdomen

A

cross-sectional xray of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract

130
Q

CT colonography

A

computed tomographic image of the colon performed as an alternative o traditional invasive colonoscopy

131
Q

sonography

A

ultrasound imaging

132
Q

biopsy (Bx)

A

removal of tissue for microscope pathological exam

133
Q

incisional biopsy

A

removal of a portion of a lesion for exam

134
Q

stool culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms

135
Q

stool occult blood study

A

chemical teset of a stool specimen to detect the resence of blood

136
Q

bariatric surgery

A

treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and or intestines

137
Q

cheiloplasty

A

repair of the lip

138
Q

glossectomy

A

excision of all or part of the tongue

139
Q

glossorrhaohy

A

suture of the tongue

140
Q

esophagoplasty

A

repair if the esophagus

141
Q

gastrectomy

A

partial or complete removal of the stomach

142
Q

gastric resection

A

partial removal and repair of the stomach

143
Q

abdominocentesis

A

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid

144
Q

paracentesis

A

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid

145
Q

laparotomy

A

incision into the abdomen

146
Q

laparoscopic surgery

A

abdominal surgery using a laparoscope

147
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

repair of a hernia

148
Q

hernioplasty

A

repair of a hernia

149
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a a diseased potion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis and cancer.

150
Q

anastomosis

A

union of two hollow vessels; used in bowel surgery

151
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges

152
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of a diseased appendix

153
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of polyps

154
Q

proctoplasty

A

repair of the anus and rectum

155
Q

anal fistulectomy

A

excision of an anal fistula

156
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

excision of hemorrhoids

157
Q

hepatic lobectomy

A

excision of a lobe of the liver

158
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder

159
Q

cholelithotomy

A

incision for removal of gallstones

160
Q

cholelithotripsy

A

crushing of gallstones

161
Q

pancreatectomy

A

excision of the pancreas

162
Q

gastric lavage

A

oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for exam and treatment

163
Q

nasogastric (NG) intubation

A

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach for various purposes

164
Q

antacid

A

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

165
Q

antiemetic

A

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

166
Q

antispasmodic

A

drug that decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea

167
Q

cathartic

A

drug that causes movement of the bowels

Med Term (11 decks)

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