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Med Term > Chapter 11: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal gland

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3
Q

andrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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4
Q

andr/o

A

male

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5
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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6
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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7
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

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8
Q

glucos/o

A

sugar

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9
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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10
Q

glycos/o

A

sugar

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11
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone (an urging on)

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12
Q

ket/o

A

ketone bodies

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13
Q

keton/o

A

ketone bodies

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14
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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15
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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16
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid gland (shield)

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17
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball

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18
Q

hypercalcemia

A

an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood

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19
Q

hypocalcemia

A

an abnormally low level of calcium in the blood

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20
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

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21
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

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22
Q

hyperkalemia

A

an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood

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23
Q

hypokalemia

A

deficient level of potassium in the blood

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24
Q

hypernatremia

A

excessive level of sodium ions in the blood

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25
Q

hyponatremia

A

low level of sodium ions in the blood

26
Q

hypersecretion

A

abnormally increased secretion

27
Q

hyposecretion

A

decreased secretion

28
Q

ketosis, ketoacidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis

A

presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation

29
Q

metabolism

A

all chemical processes in the body that result in growth, generation of energy, elimination of waste, and other body functions.

30
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

31
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

32
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone from any cause, such as a result of excessive production by the adrenal gland, or more commonly as a side effect or treatment with glucocorticoid (steroid) hormones such as prednisone for asthma. symptoms are weakness, easily bruised skin, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and osteoporosis

33
Q

adrenal virilism

A

excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen in adult women owing to tumor or hyperplasia; evidences by amenorrhea, acne, hirsutism, and deeping of the voice.

34
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic disorder caused by an abnormal utilization of insulin secreted by pancreas; evidenced by hyperglycemia and glucosuria

35
Q

type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

diabetes in which there is no beta cell production of insulin- the patient is dependent on insulin for survival

36
Q

type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

diabetes in which the body produces insulin, but not enough, or there is insulin resistance- the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival

37
Q

pituitary dwafism

A

condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone slowing growth and causing a short yet proportionate stature- often treated during childhood with growth hormone

38
Q

pituitary gigantism

A

condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the long bones; most often caused by a pituitary tumor

39
Q

Graves disease, hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis

A

condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia, tachycardia, goiter, and tumor

40
Q

blood sugar (BS), blood glucose

A

measurement of the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood

41
Q

fasting blood sugar

A

measurement of blood sugar level after a fast of 12 hours

42
Q

postprandial sugar (FBS)

A

measurement of blood sugar level after a meal, commonly after 2 hours

43
Q

Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS)

A

measurement of blood sugar level after a meal, commonly after 2 hours

44
Q

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

A

measurements of the body’s ability to metabolize carbs by administering a prescribed amount of glucose after fasting period, then measuring blood and pee for glucose levels ever hour thereafter-usually for 4-6 hours

45
Q

glycohemoglobin

A

molecule in hemoglobin that rises in the blood as a result of an increased level of blood sugar, it is common blood test used in diagnosing and treating diabetes, also known as glycosylated hemoglobin

46
Q

electrolytes

A

measurement of the level of specific ions in the blood; electrolytes balance is essential for normal metabolism

47
Q

thyroid function study

A

measurement of thyroid hormone levels in blood plasma to determine efficiency of glandular secretions

48
Q

urine sugar and ketone studies

A

chemical test to determine the presence of sugar or ketone bodies in the urine; used as a screen for diabetes.

49
Q

computed tomograpthy (CT)

A

Ct of the head is used to obtain a transverse view of the pituitary gland

50
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

nonionzing images of magnetic resonance are useful in identifying abnormalities of pituitary, pancreas, adrenal, and thyroid glands

51
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

sonographic images are used to identify endocrine pathology, such as with thyroid ultrasound

52
Q

thyroid uptake and image

A

nuclear image involing scan of the thyroid to visualize the radioactive accumulation of previously ingested isotopes to detect thyroid nodule or tumors

53
Q

adrenalectomy

A

excision of adrenal gland

54
Q

hypophysectomy

A

excision of pituitary gland

55
Q

pancreatectomy

A

excision of pancreas

56
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

excision of parathyroid gland

57
Q

thymectomy

A

excision of thymus gland

58
Q

thyroidectomy

A

excision of thyroid gland

59
Q

antihypoglycemis

A

drug that raises blood glucose

60
Q

antithyroid drug

A

agent that blocks the production of thyroid hormones; used to treat hyperthyroidism

61
Q

hormone replacement

A

drug that replaces a hormone deficiency

62
Q

hypoglycemic

A

drug that lowers blood glucose

Med Term (11 decks)

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