Chapter 10: Nervous System Flashcards
arthr/o
articulation
cerebell/o
cerebellum
cerebr/o
cerebrum
crani/o
skull
encephal/o
entire brain
esthesi/o
sensation
gangli/o
ganglion
gli/o
glue
gnos/o
knowing
hypn/o
sleep
somn/i
sleep
somn/o
sleep
kinesi/o
movement
lex/o
word or phrase
mening/o
meninges (membrane)
meningi/o
meninges (membrane)
myel/o
spinal cord or bone marrow
narc/o
stupor, sleep
neur/o
nerve
phas/o
speech
phob/o
exaggerated fear or sensitivity
phor/o
carry or bear
phren/o
mind
psych/o
mind
thym/o
mind
schiz/o
split
somat/o
body
spin/o
spine (thorn)
spondyl/o
vertebra
vertebr/o
vertebra
stere/o
three dimensional or solid
tax/o
order or coordination
thalam/o
thalamus (a room)
ton/o
tone or tension
top/o
place
ventricul/o
ventricle (belly or pouch)
cata-
down
-asthenia
weakness
-lepsy
seizure
-mania
condition of abnormal impulse toward
-paresis
slight paralysis
-plegia
paralysis
catatonia
state of unresponsiveness to one’s outside environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability
delusion
persistent belief that has no basis in reality
dysphoria
restless, dissatisfied mood
euphoria
exaggerated, unfounded feeling or well-being
hallucination
false perception of the senses for which there is no reality, most commonly hearing or seeing things
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience, injury or illness that leaves that sufferer with persistent thoughts and memories of the ordeal
phobia
exaggerated fear of a specific object or circumstance that causes anxiety and panic
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
anxiety disorder featuring unwanted, senseless obsessions accompanied by repeated compulsions, which can interfere with all aspects of a person’s daily life
dyslexia
developmental disability characterized by a difficulty understanding written or spoken words, sentences, or paragraphs, affecting reading, spelling, and self expression.
autism
development disability commonly appearing during the first 3 years of life, resulting from a neurological disorder affecting brain function, evidence by difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication, and an inability to relate to anything beyond oneself
aphasia
condition without speech due to localized brain injury
dysarthria
condition of difficult articulation
dysphasia
difficulty speaking
coma
general term referring to levels of deceased consciousness with varying responsiveness
delirium
state of mental confusion die to disturbance in cerebral function
dementia
impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion
motor deficit
loss or impairment of muscle function
sensory deficit
lose or impairment of sensation
neuralgia
pain along the course of a nerve
paralysis
temporary or permanent loss of motor control
flaccid paralysis
defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion
spastic paralysis
stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder
hemiparesis
partial paralysis of the right or left half the body
sciatica
pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression trauma of the nerve or its roots
seizure
sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses
syncope
fainting
tactile stimulation
evoking a response by touching
angosia
any of many types of loss of neurological function associated with interpretation of sensory information
astereognosis
inability to judge the form of an object to by touch
atopomgnosis
inability ro locate a sensation properly, such as to locate a point touched on the body
alzheimer disease
disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in a irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual.
cerebral palsy
condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth, characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination
epilepsy
disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures
glioma
tumor of glial cells graded by degree of malignancy
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor
migraine headache
paroxysmal attacks of mostly unilateral headache often accompanies by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by arteries
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
narcolepsy
sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis, and dreams intruding while awake
parkinson
condition of slowly progressive degeneration of an area of the brainstem resulting in a decrease of dopamine.
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord cause by virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
polyneuritis
inflammation involving two or more nerves, often owing to a nutritional deficiency such as lack of thiamine
sleep apnea
period of breathing cessation that occur during sleeping, often causing snoring
spina bifida
congenital defect in the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of spinal membranes or tissue
electroencephalogram (EEG)
record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain used to identify neurological condition that affect brain function and level of consciousness
polysomnography (PSG)
recording of various aspects of sleep to diagnose sleep disorders
lumbar puncture (LP)
introduction of a specialized needle into the spine in the lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, such as to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for testing; also called spinal tap
magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
use of magnetic resonance in imaging of the blood vessels- useful in detecting pathological condition such as atherosclerosis
nuclear medicine imaging
radionuclide organ imaging
radiography
x-ray imaging
deep tendon reflexes (DTR)
involuntary muscle contraction after percussion at a tendon indicating function
transcranial sonogram
image made by sending ultrasound beams through the skull to assess blood flow in intracranial vessels-used in diagnosis and management of stroke and head trauma
craniectomy
excision of part of the skull to approach the brain
craniotomy
incision into the skull to approach the brain
laminectomy
excision of one or more laminae if the vertebrae to approach the spinal cord
diskectomy
removal of a herniated disk often done percutaneously
neuroendovascular surgery
diagnosis and treatment of disorders within cerebral blood vessels performed in specialized angiographic labortory by intercentional neuroradiologists
neuroplasty
surgical repair of a nerve
spondylosyndesis
spinal fusion- vertebra together bonding
analgesic
agent that relieves pain
anticoagulant
drug that prevents clotting of the blood; commonly used to prevent heart attack and ischemic stroke
anticonvulsant
agent that prevents convulsion
hypnotic
agent that induces sleep
sedative
agent that has a calming effect
mental retardation
condition of subaverage intelligence characterized by an IQ of 70 or below, resulting in the inability to adapt to normal social activities
ADHD
dysfunction characterized by consistent hyperactivity and distractibility and lack over impulses.
panic disorder
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